ligament Who acts: ligament, that, Ligaments, footballer, sprained ankle, Warming · What happens: be, join, hold, stop, bend, tore · To what, where: strong stretchy band, body, one bone, joint, joints, wrong way · Speech: someone speaks here
«ligament» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ligament in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ligament is a strong, slightly stretchy band in your body that joins one bone to another at a joint, like the knee or ankle.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det amod punct advmod amod case nmod:poss nmod nsubj parataxis nummod obj case obl case det obl punct case det parataxis cc conj punct root A DET ligament NOUN is AUX a DET strong ADJ , PUNCT slightly ADV stretchy ADJ band NOUN in ADP your PRON body NOUN that PRON joins VERB one NUM bone NOUN to ADP another DET at ADP a DET joint NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET knee NOUN or CCONJ ankle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ligament det 2 ligament ligament NOUN Number=Sing 9 band nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 band cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 band det 5 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 9 band amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 strong punct 7 slightly slightly ADV _ 8 stretchy advmod 8 stretchy stretchy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 band amod 9 band band NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 in in ADP _ 12 body case 11 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 body nmod:poss 12 body body NOUN Number=Sing 9 band nmod 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 joins nsubj 14 joins join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 band parataxis 15 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 16 bone nummod 16 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 14 joins obj 17 to to ADP _ 18 another case 18 another another DET PronType=Ind 14 joins obl 19 at at ADP _ 21 joint case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 joint det 21 joint joint NOUN Number=Sing 14 joins obl 22 , , PUNCT _ 25 knee punct 23 like like ADP _ 25 knee case 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 knee det 25 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 14 joins parataxis 26 or or CCONJ _ 27 ankle cc 27 ankle ankle NOUN Number=Sing 25 knee conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 9 band punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ligament a strong stretchy band your body tree rules 2 join present that one bone a joint to another vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bone=Patient to another=Co-Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Ligaments hold joints together and stop them bending the wrong way.
nsubj obj advmod cc conj obj xcomp det amod obj punct root Ligaments NOUN hold VERB joints NOUN together ADV and CCONJ stop VERB them PRON bending VERB the DET wrong ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ligaments ligament NOUN Number=Plur 2 hold nsubj 2 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 joints joint NOUN Number=Plur 2 hold obj 4 together together ADV _ 2 hold advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 stop cc 6 stop stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 hold conj 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 stop obj 8 bending bend VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stop xcomp 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 way det 10 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 11 way amod 11 way way NOUN Number=Sing 8 bending obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present Ligaments joints together property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joint=Theme 2 stop present Ligaments not said here joints = joint tree rules 3 bend gerund Ligaments not said here the wrong way vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent way=Material
Example 1 Ligaments join bone to bone.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Ligaments NOUN join VERB bone NOUN to ADP bone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ligaments ligament NOUN Number=Plur 2 join nsubj 2 join join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 2 join obj 4 to to ADP _ 5 bone case 5 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 2 join obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 join punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join present Ligaments bone to bone vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bone=Patient to bone=Co-Patient
Example 2 The footballer tore a ligament in his knee.
det nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET footballer NOUN tore VERB a DET ligament NOUN in ADP his PRON knee NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 footballer det 2 footballer footballer NOUN Number=Sing 3 tore nsubj 3 tore tore VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ligament det 5 ligament ligament NOUN Number=Sing 3 tore obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 knee case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 knee nmod:poss 8 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 3 tore obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 tore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tore past the footballer a ligament footballer's knee tree rules
Example 3 A sprained ankle means a ligament has been stretched too far.
det amod nsubj det nsubj:pass aux aux:pass ccomp advmod advmod punct root A DET sprained VERB ankle NOUN means VERB a DET ligament NOUN has AUX been AUX stretched VERB too ADV far ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ankle det 2 sprained sprain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 ankle amod 3 ankle ankle NOUN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ligament det 6 ligament ligament NOUN Number=Sing 9 stretched nsubj:pass 7 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 stretched aux 8 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 9 stretched aux:pass 9 stretched stretch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 means ccomp 10 too too ADV _ 11 far advmod 11 far far ADV Degree=Pos 9 stretched advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sprain participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present a sprained ankle vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stretch present · perfect · passive a ligament far property vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 4 Warming up helps protect your muscles and ligaments.
csubj compound:prt xcomp nmod:poss obj cc conj punct root Warming VERB up ADP helps VERB protect VERB your PRON muscles NOUN and CCONJ ligaments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Warming warm VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 helps csubj 2 up up ADP _ 1 Warming compound:prt 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helps xcomp 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 muscles nmod:poss 6 muscles muscle NOUN Number=Plur 4 protect obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 ligaments cc 8 ligaments ligament NOUN Number=Plur 6 muscles conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warm up gerund vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 help present Warming vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 protect infinitive Warming not said here your muscles and ligaments vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Beneficiary
Example 5 The doctor said the ligament would heal in six weeks.
det nsubj det nsubj aux ccomp case nummod obl punct root The DET doctor NOUN said VERB the DET ligament NOUN would AUX heal VERB in ADP six NUM weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ligament det 5 ligament ligament NOUN Number=Sing 7 heal nsubj 6 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 heal aux 7 heal heal VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 said ccomp 8 in in ADP _ 10 weeks case 9 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 weeks nummod 10 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 7 heal obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the doctor vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 heal would the ligament week vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 Tendons attach muscles to bones, but ligaments attach bones to bones.
nsubj obj case obl punct cc nsubj conj obj case obl punct root Tendons NOUN attach VERB muscles NOUN to ADP bones NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ ligaments NOUN attach VERB bones NOUN to ADP bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tendons tendon NOUN Number=Plur 2 attach nsubj 2 attach attach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 muscles muscle NOUN Number=Plur 2 attach obj 4 to to ADP _ 5 bones case 5 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 2 attach obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 attach punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 9 attach cc 8 ligaments ligament NOUN Number=Plur 9 attach nsubj 9 attach attach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 attach conj 10 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 9 attach obj 11 to to ADP _ 12 bones case 12 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 9 attach obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 attach punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attach present Tendons muscles to bones vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient to bone=Co-Patient 2 attach present ligaments bones to bones vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient to bone=Co-Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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