ligature Who acts: ligature, clamp, surgeon, Æ, Old books, fonts · What happens: be, use, tie, tie off, join, print · To what, where: thread, string, something, blood vessel, two letters, mark
«ligature» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ligature in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ligature is a thread, string or band used to tie something tightly, especially by a doctor to tie off a blood vessel.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det punct appos cc conj acl mark advcl obj advmod punct advmod case det obl mark acl compound:prt det compound obj punct root A DET ligature NOUN is AUX a DET thread NOUN , PUNCT string NOUN or CCONJ band NOUN used VERB to PART tie VERB something PRON tightly ADV , PUNCT especially ADV by ADP a DET doctor NOUN to PART tie VERB off ADP a DET blood NOUN vessel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ligature det 2 ligature ligature NOUN Number=Sing 5 thread nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thread cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thread det 5 thread thread NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 string punct 7 string string NOUN Number=Sing 5 thread appos 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 band cc 9 band band NOUN Number=Sing 7 string conj 10 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 string acl 11 to to PART _ 12 tie mark 12 tie tie VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 used advcl 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 tie obj 14 tightly tightly ADV _ 12 tie advmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 doctor punct 16 especially especially ADV _ 19 doctor advmod 17 by by ADP _ 19 doctor case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 doctor det 19 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 12 tie obl 20 to to PART _ 21 tie mark 21 tie tie VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 doctor acl 22 off off ADP _ 21 tie compound:prt 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 vessel det 24 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 25 vessel compound 25 vessel vessel NOUN Number=Sing 21 tie obj 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 thread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ligature a thread tree rules 2 use participle string or band not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 tie to-infinitive something by a doctor; tightly property vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 4 tie off to-infinitive a blood vessel vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vessel=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: writing — kept apart, not parsed.
A ligature is two letters joined into one shape, like æ or œ, or «fi» in printed books.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop nummod acl case nummod obl punct case conj cc conj punct cc punct conj punct case amod nmod punct root A DET ligature NOUN is AUX two NUM letters NOUN joined VERB into ADP one NUM shape NOUN , PUNCT like ADP æ NOUN or CCONJ œ NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT fi NOUN » PUNCT in ADP printed VERB books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ligature det 2 ligature ligature NOUN Number=Sing 5 letters nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 letters cop 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 letters nummod 5 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 joined join VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 letters acl 7 into into ADP _ 9 shape case 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 shape nummod 9 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 6 joined obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 æ punct 11 like like ADP _ 12 æ case 12 æ æ NOUN Number=Sing 5 letters conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 œ cc 14 œ œ NOUN Number=Sing 12 æ conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 fi punct 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 fi cc 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 fi punct 18 fi fi NOUN Number=Sing 12 æ conj 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 fi punct 20 in in ADP _ 22 books case 21 printed print VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 22 books amod 22 books book NOUN Number=Plur 18 fi nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 letters punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ligature two letters and æ or œ or fi in printed books tree rules 2 join participle two letters and æ or œ or fi in printed books not said here into one shape vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient into shape=Co-Patient 3 print participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.
A ligature is a mark or clamp joining notes or holding a reed.
det nsubj cop det cc conj acl obj cc conj det obj punct root A DET ligature NOUN is AUX a DET mark NOUN or CCONJ clamp NOUN joining VERB notes NOUN or CCONJ holding VERB a DET reed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ligature det 2 ligature ligature NOUN Number=Sing 5 mark nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mark cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 mark det 5 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 clamp cc 7 clamp clamp NOUN Number=Sing 5 mark conj 8 joining join VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 clamp acl 9 notes note NOUN Number=Plur 8 joining obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 holding cc 11 holding hold VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 joining conj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 reed det 13 reed reed NOUN Number=Sing 11 holding obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 mark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ligature a mark or clamp tree rules 2 join gerund clamp not said here notes vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Patient 3 hold gerund clamp not said here a reed vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reed=Theme
Example 1 The surgeon tied a ligature round the blood vessel.
det nsubj det obj case det compound obl punct root The DET surgeon NOUN tied VERB a DET ligature NOUN round ADP the DET blood NOUN vessel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 surgeon det 2 surgeon surgeon NOUN Number=Sing 3 tied nsubj 3 tied tie VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ligature det 5 ligature ligature NOUN Number=Sing 3 tied obj 6 round round ADP _ 9 vessel case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 vessel det 8 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 9 vessel compound 9 vessel vessel NOUN Number=Sing 3 tied obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 tied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tie past the surgeon a ligature round the blood vessel vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ligature=Patient
Example 2 «Æ» is a ligature of «a» and «e».
The tree, 8 words punct nsubj punct cop det case punct nmod punct cc punct conj punct punct root « PUNCT Æ PROPN » PUNCT is AUX a DET ligature NOUN of ADP « PUNCT a DET » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT e NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Æ punct 2 Æ Æ PROPN Number=Sing 6 ligature nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Æ punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ligature cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ligature det 6 ligature ligature NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 a case 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 a punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ligature nmod 10 » » PUNCT _ 6 ligature punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 e cc 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 e punct 13 e e NOUN Number=Sing 6 ligature conj 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 e punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 ligature punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Æ a ligature and e of a tree rules
Example 3 Old books use ligatures like «œ».
amod nsubj obj case punct nmod punct punct root Old ADJ books NOUN use VERB ligatures NOUN like ADP « PUNCT œ NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 books amod 2 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 use nsubj 3 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ligatures ligature NOUN Number=Plur 3 use obj 5 like like ADP _ 7 œ case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 œ punct 7 œ œ NOUN Number=Sing 4 ligatures nmod 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 œ punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Old books ligatures like œ vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ligature=Patient
Example 4 The clarinet's reed is held by a ligature.
det nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET clarinet NOUN 's PART reed NOUN is AUX held VERB by ADP a DET ligature NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 clarinet det 2 clarinet clarinet NOUN Number=Sing 4 reed nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 clarinet case 4 reed reed NOUN Number=Sing 6 held nsubj:pass 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 held aux:pass 6 held hold VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 by by ADP _ 9 ligature case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 ligature det 9 ligature ligature NOUN Number=Sing 6 held obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present · passive a ligature the clarinet's reed vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
Example 5 Some fonts join «f» and «i» with a ligature.
det nsubj punct obl punct cc punct conj punct case det obl punct root Some DET fonts NOUN join VERB « PUNCT f NOUN » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT i PRON » PUNCT with ADP a DET ligature NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 fonts det 2 fonts font NOUN Number=Plur 3 join nsubj 3 join join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 f punct 5 f f NOUN Number=Sing 3 join obl 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 f punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 i cc 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 i punct 9 i I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 f conj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 i punct 11 with with ADP _ 13 ligature case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 ligature det 13 ligature ligature NOUN Number=Sing 3 join obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 join punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join present some fonts f with a ligature vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with ligature=Co-Patient
Example 6 The ligature stopped the bleeding.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET ligature NOUN stopped VERB the DET bleeding NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ligature det 2 ligature ligature NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopped nsubj 3 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bleeding det 5 bleeding bleeding NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopped obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past the ligature the bleeding vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality bleeding=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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