light Who acts: Light, us, something, room, bag, 4 lights · What happens: be, let, see, come, mean, weigh · To what, where: us, Sun, lamp, little, dark, something
«light» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: light in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Light is what lets us see; it comes from the Sun, lamps and fire.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop acl:relcl obj xcomp punct nsubj parataxis case det obl punct parataxis cc conj punct root Light NOUN is AUX what PRON lets VERB us PRON see VERB ; PUNCT it PRON comes VERB from ADP the DET Sun PROPN , PUNCT lamps NOUN and CCONJ fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 what nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 what cop 3 what what PRON PronType=Int root root 4 lets let VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 what acl:relcl 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 lets obj 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 lets xcomp 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 comes punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 comes nsubj 9 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 what parataxis 10 from from ADP _ 12 Sun case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Sun det 12 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 9 comes obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 lamps punct 14 lamps lamp NOUN Number=Plur 9 comes parataxis 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 fire cc 16 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 14 lamps conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 what punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Light tree rules 2 let present us tree rules 3 see infinitive us not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 come present Light the Sun vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sun=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A light is a lamp or bulb.
det nsubj cop det cc conj punct root A DET light NOUN is AUX a DET lamp NOUN or CCONJ bulb NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 light det 2 light light NOUN Number=Sing 5 lamp nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lamp cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lamp det 5 lamp lamp NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 bulb cc 7 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 5 lamp conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 lamp punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a light a lamp or bulb tree rules
Meaning 3 Light means not heavy, weighing little.
nsubj advmod xcomp punct advcl obj punct root Light NOUN means VERB not PART heavy ADJ , PUNCT weighing VERB little ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 heavy advmod 4 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 weighing punct 6 weighing weigh VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means advcl 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 weighing obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Light heavy property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 weigh gerund Light not said here little vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme little=Value
Meaning 4 Light means pale, not dark, in colour: light blue.
nsubj xcomp punct advmod obj punct case conj punct amod conj punct root Light NOUN means VERB pale ADJ , PUNCT not PART dark ADJ , PUNCT in ADP colour NOUN : PUNCT light ADJ blue ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 dark punct 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 dark advmod 6 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 colour punct 8 in in ADP _ 9 colour case 9 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 6 dark conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 blue punct 11 light light ADJ Degree=Pos 12 blue amod 12 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 9 colour conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Light dark and colour pale property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dark=Topic
Meaning 5 To light is to start a fire or make something burn or shine.
case obl cop mark det obj cc conj obj xcomp cc conj punct root To ADP light NOUN is AUX to PART start VERB a DET fire NOUN or CCONJ make VERB something PRON burn VERB or CCONJ shine VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 2 light case 2 light light NOUN Number=Sing 5 start obl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 start cop 4 to to PART _ 5 start mark 5 start start VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fire det 7 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 5 start obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 make cc 9 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 start conj 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 make obj 11 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 make xcomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 shine cc 13 shine shine VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 burn conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present to light; start property tree rules 2 make infinitive something tree rules 3 burn infinitive something not said here vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 shine infinitive something not said here vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 6 Light means gentle or small: a light rain, a light meal.
nsubj xcomp cc conj punct det compound parataxis punct det compound conj punct root Light NOUN means VERB gentle ADJ or CCONJ small ADJ : PUNCT a DET light NOUN rain NOUN , PUNCT a DET light NOUN meal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 small cc 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 gentle conj 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 rain punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 rain det 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing 9 rain compound 9 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 meal punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 meal det 12 light light NOUN Number=Sing 13 meal compound 13 meal meal NOUN Number=Sing 9 rain conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Light gentle property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 7 Light can also mean bright, full of light, not dark.
nsubj aux advmod xcomp punct conj case obl punct advmod conj punct root Light NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB bright ADJ , PUNCT full ADJ of ADP light NOUN , PUNCT not PART dark ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 4 mean xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 full punct 7 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bright conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 light case 9 light light NOUN Number=Sing 7 full obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 dark punct 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 dark advmod 12 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bright conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Light bright property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The room has 6 lights.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET room NOUN has VERB 6 NUM lights NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 room det 2 room room NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 lights nummod 5 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the room 6 lights vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient
Example 2 The bag is 2 kg lighter than the box.
det nsubj cop nummod nsubj case det obl punct root The DET bag NOUN is AUX 2 NUM kg NOUN lighter ADJ than ADP the DET box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bag det 2 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 6 lighter nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 lighter cop 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 kg nummod 5 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 6 lighter nsubj 6 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 7 than than ADP _ 9 box case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 box det 9 box box NOUN Number=Sing 6 lighter obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 lighter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the bag than the box; light property tree rules
Example 3 A light flashes every 3 seconds.
det nsubj det nummod obj punct root A DET light NOUN flashes VERB every DET 3 NUM seconds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 light det 2 light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 flashes nsubj 3 flashes flash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 seconds det 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 seconds nummod 6 seconds second NOUN Number=Plur 3 flashes obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 flashes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flash present a light second vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 4 lights went out.
nummod nsubj advmod punct root 4 NUM lights NOUN went VERB out ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 lights nummod 2 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADV _ 3 went advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go out past 4 lights out property vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Light from the Sun takes about 8 minutes to reach the Earth.
nsubj case det nmod advmod nummod obj mark advcl det obj punct root Light NOUN from ADP the DET Sun PROPN takes VERB about ADV 8 NUM minutes NOUN to PART reach VERB the DET Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 5 takes nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 4 Sun case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Sun det 4 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 1 Light nmod 5 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 about about ADV _ 7 8 advmod 7 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 minutes nummod 8 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 5 takes obj 9 to to PART _ 10 reach mark 10 reach reach VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 takes advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Earth det 12 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 10 reach obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present Light from the Sun minute vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 reach to-infinitive Light from the Sun not said here the Earth vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent earth=Theme
Example 6 A shadow forms when something blocks the light.
det nsubj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root A DET shadow NOUN forms VERB when SCONJ something PRON blocks VERB the DET light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shadow det 2 shadow shadow NOUN Number=Sing 3 forms nsubj 3 forms form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 blocks mark 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 blocks nsubj 6 blocks block VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 forms advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 light det 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing 6 blocks obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 forms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form present a shadow vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 block present something the light vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer light=Theme
Example 7 Wait for the green light before you cross.
case det amod obl mark nsubj advcl punct root Wait VERB for ADP the DET green ADJ light NOUN before SCONJ you PRON cross VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wait wait VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 2 for for ADP _ 5 light case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 light det 4 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 5 light amod 5 light light NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wait obl 6 before before SCONJ _ 8 cross mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 cross nsubj 8 cross cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Wait advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wait punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wait imperative you not said here for the green light vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 cross present you vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 This box is as light as a feather.
det nsubj cop advmod case det obl punct root This DET box NOUN is AUX as ADV light ADJ as ADP a DET feather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 box det 2 box box NOUN Number=Sing 5 light nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 light cop 4 as as ADV _ 5 light advmod 5 light light ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 as as ADP _ 8 feather case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 feather det 8 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing 5 light obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present this box as a feather; light property tree rules
Example 9 Dad lit the candles on the cake.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Dad NOUN lit VERB the DET candles NOUN on ADP the DET cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 lit nsubj 2 lit light VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 candles det 4 candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 2 lit obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 cake case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cake det 7 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 2 lit obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 lit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 light past Dad the candles the cake vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candle=Product
Example 10 She wore a light blue dress.
nsubj det amod amod obj punct root She PRON wore VERB a DET light ADJ blue ADJ dress NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wore nsubj 2 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 dress det 4 light light ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dress amod 5 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dress amod 6 dress dress NOUN Number=Sing 2 wore obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past She a light blue dress vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent dress=Theme
Example 11 How splendid and light it is!
advmod cc conj nsubj cop punct root How ADV splendid ADJ and CCONJ light ADJ it PRON is AUX ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 splendid advmod 2 splendid splendid ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 light cc 4 light light ADJ Degree=Pos 2 splendid conj 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 splendid nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 splendid cop 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 splendid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present it splendid property tree rules 2 be tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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