lighter Who acts: small device, feather, light blue, light, Lighter, scale · What happens: make, use, be, mean, go up, add · To what, where: flame, white paint, blue lighter, lighter, adult, barbecue
«lighter» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lighter in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A small device that makes a flame, used to light candles, cigarettes, stoves or fires.
The tree, 15 words det amod nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct acl case compound obl punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root A DET small ADJ device NOUN that PRON makes VERB a DET flame NOUN , PUNCT used VERB to ADP light NOUN candles NOUN , PUNCT cigarettes NOUN , PUNCT stoves NOUN or CCONJ fires NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 device det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 device amod 3 device device NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 makes nsubj 5 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 device acl:relcl 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 flame det 7 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 5 makes obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 used punct 9 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 flame acl 10 to to ADP _ 12 candles case 11 light light NOUN Number=Sing 12 candles compound 12 candles candle NOUN Number=Plur 9 used obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 cigarettes punct 14 cigarettes cigarette NOUN Number=Plur 12 candles conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 stoves punct 16 stoves stove NOUN Number=Plur 12 candles conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 fires cc 18 fires fire NOUN Number=Plur 12 candles conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 device punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a small device a flame vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset flame=Product 2 use participle a flame not said here to light candles and cigarettes and stoves or fires vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Less heavy: «A feather is lighter than a stone».
advmod punct punct det nsubj cop parataxis case det obl punct punct root Less ADV heavy ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT A DET feather NOUN is AUX lighter ADJ than ADP a DET stone NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Less less ADV Degree=Cmp 2 heavy advmod 2 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 : : PUNCT _ 8 lighter punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 8 lighter punct 5 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 feather det 6 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing 8 lighter nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 lighter cop 8 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 heavy parataxis 9 than than ADP _ 11 stone case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 stone det 11 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 8 lighter obl 12 » » PUNCT _ 8 lighter punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 heavy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present a feather than a stone; light property tree rules
Meaning 3 Paler or less dark in colour: «light blue is lighter than navy».
The tree, 12 words amod cc conj case obl punct punct compound nsubj cop parataxis case obl punct punct root Paler ADJ or CCONJ less ADJ dark ADJ in ADP colour NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT light NOUN blue NOUN is AUX lighter ADJ than ADP navy NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paler pale ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 dark amod 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 less cc 3 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 1 Paler conj 4 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 colour case 6 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 4 dark obl 7 : : PUNCT _ 12 lighter punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 12 lighter punct 9 light light NOUN Number=Sing 10 blue compound 10 blue blue NOUN Number=Sing 12 lighter nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 lighter cop 12 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 dark parataxis 13 than than ADP _ 14 navy case 14 navy navy NOUN Number=Sing 12 lighter obl 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 lighter punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 dark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present light blue than navy; light property tree rules
Meaning 4 Brighter, with more light: «It's lighter in the mornings now».
The tree, 11 words punct case amod obl punct punct nsubj cop parataxis case det obl advmod punct punct root Brighter ADJ , PUNCT with ADP more ADJ light NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON 's AUX lighter ADJ in ADP the DET mornings NOUN now ADV » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Brighter bright ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 5 light punct 3 with with ADP _ 5 light case 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 light amod 5 light light NOUN Number=Sing 1 Brighter obl 6 : : PUNCT _ 1 Brighter punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 10 lighter punct 8 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 lighter nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 lighter cop 10 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 1 Brighter parataxis 11 in in ADP _ 13 mornings case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 mornings det 13 mornings morning NOUN Number=Plur 10 lighter obl 14 now now ADV PronType=Dem 10 lighter advmod 15 » » PUNCT _ 10 lighter punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 Brighter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present light now; morning light property tree rules
Meaning 5 Less serious or less strong: «a lighter meal».
advmod cc advmod conj punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root Less ADV serious ADJ or CCONJ less ADV strong ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET lighter ADJ meal NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Less less ADV Degree=Cmp 2 serious advmod 2 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 5 strong cc 4 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 5 strong advmod 5 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 2 serious conj 6 : : PUNCT _ 10 meal punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 10 meal punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 meal det 9 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 meal amod 10 meal meal NOUN Number=Sing 2 serious parataxis 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 meal punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 serious punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 6 Lighter can also mean less worried and happier in your heart.
nsubj aux advmod advmod xcomp cc conj case nmod:poss obl punct root Lighter NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB less ADV worried ADJ and CCONJ happier ADJ in ADP your PRON heart NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lighter lighter NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 6 worried advmod 6 worried worried ADJ Degree=Pos 4 mean xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 happier cc 8 happier happy ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 worried conj 9 in in ADP _ 11 heart case 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 heart nmod:poss 11 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 8 happier obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Lighter worried property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 A feather is lighter than a brick.
det nsubj cop case det obl punct root A DET feather NOUN is AUX lighter ADJ than ADP a DET brick NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 feather det 2 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing 4 lighter nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lighter cop 4 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than ADP _ 7 brick case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 brick det 7 brick brick NOUN Number=Sing 4 lighter obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 lighter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a feather than a brick; light property tree rules
Example 2 The side of the scale that goes up is lighter.
det nsubj case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt cop punct root The DET side NOUN of ADP the DET scale NOUN that PRON goes VERB up ADP is AUX lighter ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 side det 2 side side NOUN Number=Sing 10 lighter nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 scale case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 scale det 5 scale scale NOUN Number=Sing 2 side nmod 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 goes nsubj 7 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 scale acl:relcl 8 up up ADP _ 7 goes compound:prt 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 lighter cop 10 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 lighter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go up present the scale vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 is present the side of the scale light property tree rules
Example 3 Add white paint to make the blue lighter.
amod obj mark advcl det amod obj punct root Add VERB white ADJ paint NOUN to PART make VERB the DET blue ADJ lighter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Add add VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 3 paint amod 3 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 1 Add obj 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Add advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lighter det 7 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 8 lighter amod 8 lighter lighter NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Add punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert imperative you not said here white paint vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paint=Patient 2 make to-infinitive you not said here the blue lighter vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lighter=Product
Example 4 It gets lighter earlier in spring.
nsubj xcomp advmod case obl punct root It PRON gets VERB lighter ADJ earlier ADV in ADP spring NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gets nsubj 2 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 gets xcomp 4 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 2 gets advmod 5 in in ADP _ 6 spring case 6 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 2 gets obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present It spring early, light property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 Never play with a lighter; give it to an adult.
advmod case det obl punct conj obj case det obl punct root Never ADV play VERB with ADP a DET lighter NOUN ; PUNCT give VERB it PRON to ADP an DET adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 play advmod 2 play play VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 lighter case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lighter det 5 lighter lighter NOUN Number=Sing 2 play obl 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 give punct 7 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 play conj 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 give obj 9 to to ADP _ 11 adult case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 adult det 11 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 7 give obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not play imperative you not said here with a lighter vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with lighter=Theme 2 give infinitive you not said here lighter a adult vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to adult=Recipient
Example 6 Dad used a lighter to light the barbecue.
nsubj det xcomp mark advcl det obj punct root Dad NOUN used VERB a DET lighter ADJ to PART light VERB the DET barbecue NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lighter det 4 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 used xcomp 5 to to PART _ 6 light mark 6 light light VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 barbecue det 8 barbecue barbecue NOUN Number=Sing 6 light obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past Dad light property vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 light to-infinitive Dad not said here the barbecue vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barbecue=Product
Example 7 My school bag is lighter today because I have no books.
nmod:poss compound nsubj cop obl:unmarked mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root My PRON school NOUN bag NOUN is AUX lighter ADJ today NOUN because SCONJ I PRON have VERB no DET books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 bag nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 bag compound 3 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 5 lighter nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lighter cop 5 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 today today NOUN Number=Sing 5 lighter obl:unmarked 7 because because SCONJ _ 9 have mark 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 have nsubj 9 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lighter advcl 10 no no DET PronType=Neg 11 books det 11 books book NOUN Number=Plur 9 have obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 lighter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My school bag today light property tree rules 2 have present I no books vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient
Example 8 We had a lighter lunch because it was hot.
nsubj det amod obj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root We PRON had VERB a DET lighter ADJ lunch NOUN because SCONJ it PRON was AUX hot ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lunch det 4 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 lunch amod 5 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 6 because because SCONJ _ 9 hot mark 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 hot nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 hot cop 9 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 2 had advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We a lighter lunch vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient 2 is past lunch hot property tree rules
Example 9 And when she had offered this prayer, her heart felt lighter.
cc mark nsubj:pass aux det obj punct nmod:poss nsubj conj xcomp punct root And CCONJ when SCONJ she PRON had AUX offered VERB this DET prayer NOUN , PUNCT her PRON heart NOUN felt VERB lighter ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 5 offered cc 2 when when SCONJ _ 5 offered mark 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 offered nsubj:pass 4 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 offered aux 5 offered offer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 prayer det 7 prayer prayer NOUN Number=Sing 5 offered obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 felt punct 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 heart nmod:poss 10 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 11 felt nsubj 11 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 offered conj 12 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 11 felt xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 offered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 offer past · perfect · passive she vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal prayer=Theme 2 feel past her heart light property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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