lightning

Who acts: light, electricity, We, Lightning, you, She · What happens: make, flash, spark, see, come, be · To what, where: bright flash, sky, lightning, hills, thunder, tree

«lightning» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lightning in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The bright flash of light in the sky during a storm, made by a huge spark of electricity between clouds or between a cloud and the ground.

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 flash	det
2	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 flash	amod
3	flash	flash	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 light	case
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flash	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 sky	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sky	det
8	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flash	nmod
9	during	during	ADP	_	11 storm	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 storm	det
11	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flash	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 made	punct
13	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 flash	acl
14	by	by	ADP	_	17 spark	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 spark	det
16	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 spark	amod
17	spark	spark	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 made	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 electricity	case
19	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 spark	nmod
20	between	between	ADP	_	21 clouds	case
21	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 electricity	nmod
22	or	or	CCONJ	_	25 cloud	cc
23	between	between	ADP	_	25 cloud	case
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 cloud	det
25	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 clouds	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 ground	cc
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 ground	det
28	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 cloud	conj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 flash	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		the bright flash of light in the sky during a storm not said here			by a huge spark of electricity between clouds or a cloud and the ground	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	flash		light		the sky	during a storm		nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent in=place during=obl
3	spark		electricity between clouds or a cloud and the ground					nom spark «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Very fast: «as quick as lightning», «lightning speed».

The tree, 8 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Very	very	ADV	_	2 fast	advmod
2	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 quick	advmod
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 quick	punct
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 quick	punct
5	as	as	ADV	_	6 quick	advmod
6	quick	quick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	as	as	ADP	_	8 lightning	case
8	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quick	obl
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 lightning	punct
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 speed	punct
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 speed	punct
12	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 speed	compound
13	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lightning	appos
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 speed	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 quick	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

We saw lightning over the hills.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 saw	nsubj
2	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	obj
4	over	over	ADP	_	6 hills	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 hills	det
6	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 saw	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	We	lightning		the hills			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lightning=Stimulus

Example 2

Lightning comes before thunder because light is faster than sound.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	before	before	ADP	_	4 thunder	case
4	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	obl
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 faster	mark
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 faster	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 faster	cop
8	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 comes	advcl
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 sound	case
10	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 faster	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 comes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Lightning			thunder			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before thunder=Location
2	is	present	light					than sound; fast property	tree rules

Example 3

The tree was struck by lightning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tree	det
2	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 struck	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 struck	aux:pass
4	struck	strike	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 lightning	case
6	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 struck	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 struck	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	past · passive	lightning	the tree					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Example 4

Go inside when you hear thunder.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	inside	inside	ADV	_	1 Go	advmod
3	when	when	SCONJ	_	5 hear	mark
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 hear	nsubj
5	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Go	advcl
6	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hear	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Go	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	imperative	you not said here					inside property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	hear	present	you	thunder					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus

Example 5

Don't stand under a tall tree during lightning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 stand	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 stand	advmod
3	stand	stand	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	under	under	ADP	_	7 tree	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tree	det
6	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tree	amod
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stand	obl
8	during	during	ADP	_	9 lightning	case
9	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stand	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stand	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not stand	imperative · do-support	you not said here			a tall tree	during lightning		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under tree=Location

Example 6

She ran as quick as lightning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ran	nsubj
2	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	ADV	_	4 quick	advmod
4	quick	quick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 ran	xcomp
5	as	as	ADP	_	6 lightning	case
6	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 quick	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 ran	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past	She					quick property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 7

I counted 6 seconds after the flash, so the storm was about 2 km away.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 counted	nsubj
2	counted	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 seconds	nummod
4	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 counted	obj
5	after	after	ADP	_	7 flash	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 flash	det
7	flash	flash	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 counted	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 away	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	16 away	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 storm	det
11	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 away	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 away	cop
13	about	about	ADV	_	14 2	advmod
14	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 km	nummod
15	km	km	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 away	obl:unmarked
16	away	away	ADV	_	2 counted	advmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 counted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	past	I				after the flash; second		vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
2	is	past	the storm					2 km obl:unmarked; away property	tree rules

Example 8

Thunder and lightning scared the dog.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 scared	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 lightning	cc
3	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Thunder	conj
4	scared	scare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dog	det
6	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 scared	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 scared	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	scare	past	Thunder and lightning	the dog					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus dog=Experiencer

Example 9

Gleams of lightning shot forth from them.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gleams	gleam	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shot	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 lightning	case
3	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Gleams	nmod
4	shot	shoot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	forth	forth	ADV	_	4 shot	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 them	case
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 shot	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 shot	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shoot	past	Gleams of lightning					from them = they; forth property	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from they=Initial_Location

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/lightning/