liken Who acts: poet, Scientists, Many people, teacher, story, I · What happens: say, compare, use, liken, mean, be · To what, where: them, A, B, B., sea, heart · Speech: someone speaks here
«liken» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: liken in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To say that one thing is like another; to compare them.
mark mark nummod nsubj cop case ccomp punct mark conj obj punct root To PART say VERB that SCONJ one NUM thing NOUN is AUX like ADP another DET ; PUNCT to PART compare VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 say mark 2 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 8 another mark 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 thing nummod 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 8 another nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 another cop 7 like like ADP _ 8 another case 8 another another DET PronType=Ind 2 say ccomp 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 compare punct 10 to to PART _ 11 compare mark 11 compare compare VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 say conj 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 compare obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 compare to-infinitive them = they vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Used with «to»: «liken A to B» means say A is similar to B.
The tree, 14 words advcl case punct xcomp punct punct punct csubj obj case obl punct ccomp det cop ccomp case obl root Used VERB with ADP « PUNCT to PART » PUNCT : PUNCT « PUNCT liken VERB A DET to ADP B PROPN » PUNCT means VERB say VERB A DET is AUX similar ADJ to ADP B. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 means advcl 2 with with ADP _ 4 to case 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 to punct 4 to to PART _ 1 Used xcomp 5 » » PUNCT _ 1 Used punct 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 liken punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 liken punct 8 liken liken VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 means csubj 9 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 liken obj 10 to to ADP _ 11 B case 11 B B PROPN Number=Sing 8 liken obl 12 » » PUNCT _ 8 liken punct 13 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 14 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 means ccomp 15 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 similar det 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 similar cop 17 similar similar ADJ Degree=Pos 14 say ccomp 18 to to ADP _ 19 B. case 19 B. B. PROPN Number=Sing 17 similar obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 liken in a quote infinitive A B tree rules 3 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 say speech: assert infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 5 is present B. similar property tree rules
Example 1 The poet likens the sea to a hungry dog.
det nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root The DET poet NOUN likens VERB the DET sea NOUN to ADP a DET hungry ADJ dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 poet det 2 poet poet NOUN Number=Sing 3 likens nsubj 3 likens liken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sea det 5 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 likens obj 6 to to ADP _ 9 dog case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 dog det 8 hungry hungry ADJ Degree=Pos 9 dog amod 9 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 likens obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 likens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 liken present the poet the sea to a hungry dog tree rules
Example 2 Scientists liken the heart to a pump.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Scientists NOUN liken VERB the DET heart NOUN to ADP a DET pump NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 liken nsubj 2 liken liken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 heart det 4 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 2 liken obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 pump case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pump det 7 pump pump NOUN Number=Sing 2 liken obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 liken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 liken present Scientists the heart to a pump tree rules
Example 3 Many people liken the city to a giant ant nest.
amod nsubj det obj case det amod compound obl punct root Many ADJ people NOUN liken VERB the DET city NOUN to ADP a DET giant ADJ ant NOUN nest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 liken nsubj 3 liken liken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 city det 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing 3 liken obj 6 to to ADP _ 10 nest case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 nest det 8 giant giant ADJ Degree=Pos 10 nest amod 9 ant ant NOUN Number=Sing 10 nest compound 10 nest nest NOUN Number=Sing 3 liken obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 liken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 liken present Many people the city to a giant ant nest tree rules
Example 4 He was often likened to his famous grandfather.
nsubj aux:pass advmod case nmod:poss amod obl punct root He PRON was AUX often ADV likened VERB to ADP his PRON famous ADJ grandfather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 likened nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 likened aux:pass 3 often often ADV _ 4 likened advmod 4 likened liken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to ADP _ 8 grandfather case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 grandfather nmod:poss 7 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 8 grandfather amod 8 grandfather grandfather NOUN Number=Sing 4 likened obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 likened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 liken past · passive He to his famous grandfather; often property tree rules
Example 5 Our teacher likened the brain to a busy library.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root Our PRON teacher NOUN likened VERB the DET brain NOUN to ADP a DET busy ADJ library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 likened nsubj 3 likened liken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 brain det 5 brain brain NOUN Number=Sing 3 likened obj 6 to to ADP _ 9 library case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 library det 8 busy busy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 library amod 9 library library NOUN Number=Sing 3 likened obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 likened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 liken past Our teacher the brain to a busy library tree rules
Example 6 The story likens growing up to climbing a mountain.
det nsubj xcomp compound:prt mark advcl det obj punct root The DET story NOUN likens VERB growing VERB up ADP to SCONJ climbing VERB a DET mountain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 story det 2 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 likens nsubj 3 likens liken VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 likens xcomp 5 up up ADP _ 4 growing compound:prt 6 to to SCONJ _ 7 climbing mark 7 climbing climb VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 growing advcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 mountain det 9 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 7 climbing obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 likens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 liken present the story tree rules 2 grow up gerund the story not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 climb gerund the story not said here a mountain vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location mountain=Theme
Example 7 I wouldn't liken a cat to a dog; they are so different.
The tree, 13 words nsubj aux advmod det obj case det obl punct nsubj cop advmod parataxis punct root I PRON would AUX n't PART liken VERB a DET cat NOUN to ADP a DET dog NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON are AUX so ADV different ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 liken nsubj 2 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 liken aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 liken advmod 4 liken liken VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cat det 6 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 liken obj 7 to to ADP _ 9 dog case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 dog det 9 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 liken obl 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 different punct 11 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 different nsubj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 different cop 13 so so ADV _ 14 different advmod 14 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 4 liken parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 liken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not liken would I a cat to a dog tree rules 2 is present they different property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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