limping Who acts: Limping, leg, limping animal, puppy, we, Sam · What happens: walk, hurt, be, mean, go on, limp · To what, where: one, way, puppy, vet, class, limping horse
«limping» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: limping in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Limping is walking unevenly because a leg or foot hurts.
nsubj aux advmod mark det nsubj cc conj advcl punct root Limping NOUN is AUX walking VERB unevenly ADV because SCONJ a DET leg NOUN or CCONJ foot NOUN hurts VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Limping limping NOUN Number=Sing 3 walking nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 walking aux 3 walking walk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 unevenly unevenly ADV _ 3 walking advmod 5 because because SCONJ _ 10 hurts mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 leg det 7 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 10 hurts nsubj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 foot cc 9 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 7 leg conj 10 hurts hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 walking advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 walking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk present · progressive Limping unevenly property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 hurt present a leg or foot vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A limping animal or person is one who walks that way.
det compound nsubj cc conj cop nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root A DET limping NOUN animal NOUN or CCONJ person NOUN is AUX one NUM who PRON walks VERB that DET way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 animal det 2 limping limping NOUN Number=Sing 3 animal compound 3 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 7 one nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 person cc 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing 3 animal conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 one cop 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 walks nsubj 9 walks walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 one acl:relcl 10 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 11 way det 11 way way NOUN Number=Sing 9 walks obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a limping animal or person one tree rules 2 walk present that way vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Trajectory
Meaning 3 Figuratively, limping means going on slowly and badly, like a limping business.
The tree, 12 words advmod punct nsubj xcomp compound:prt advmod cc conj punct case det compound obl punct root Figuratively ADV , PUNCT limping NOUN means VERB going VERB on ADP slowly ADV and CCONJ badly ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET limping NOUN business NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Figuratively figuratively ADV _ 4 means advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Figuratively punct 3 limping limping NOUN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means xcomp 6 on on ADP _ 5 going compound:prt 7 slowly slowly ADV _ 5 going advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 badly cc 9 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 7 slowly conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 business punct 11 like like ADP _ 14 business case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 business det 13 limping limping NOUN Number=Sing 14 business compound 14 business business NOUN Number=Sing 5 going obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present limping figuratively property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go on not said to happen gerund limping not said here like a limping business; slowly property vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The puppy was limping, so we took it to the vet.
det nsubj aux punct advmod nsubj parataxis obj case det obl punct root The DET puppy NOUN was AUX limping VERB , PUNCT so ADV we PRON took VERB it PRON to ADP the DET vet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puppy det 2 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 4 limping nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 limping aux 4 limping limp VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 took punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 took advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 took nsubj 8 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 limping parataxis 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 took obj 10 to to ADP _ 12 vet case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 vet det 12 vet vet NOUN Number=Sing 8 took obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 limping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 limp past · progressive the puppy vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 take past we puppy the vet vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to vet=Destination
Example 2 Sam came limping into class after football.
nsubj advcl case obl case obl punct root Sam PROPN came VERB limping VERB into ADP class NOUN after ADP football NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 limping limp VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 came advcl 4 into into ADP _ 5 class case 5 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 limping obl 6 after after ADP _ 7 football case 7 football football NOUN Number=Sing 3 limping obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Sam vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 limp gerund Sam not said here class after football vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into class=Destination
Example 3 A limping horse should not be ridden.
det compound nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass punct root A DET limping NOUN horse NOUN should AUX not PART be AUX ridden VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 horse det 2 limping limping NOUN Number=Sing 3 horse compound 3 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 7 ridden nsubj:pass 4 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 ridden aux 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 ridden advmod 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 ridden aux:pass 7 ridden ride VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 ridden punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not ride should · passive a limping horse vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 4 She was limping because her new shoes hurt.
nsubj aux mark nmod:poss amod nsubj advcl punct root She PRON was AUX limping VERB because SCONJ her PRON new ADJ shoes NOUN hurt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 limping nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 limping aux 3 limping limp VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 because because SCONJ _ 8 hurt mark 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 shoes nmod:poss 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shoes amod 7 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 8 hurt nsubj 8 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 limping advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 limping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 limp past · progressive She vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 hurt infinitive her new shoes vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 The bird was limping across the grass.
det nsubj aux case det obl punct root The DET bird NOUN was AUX limping VERB across ADP the DET grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bird det 2 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 4 limping nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 limping aux 4 limping limp VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 across across ADP _ 7 grass case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 grass det 7 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 4 limping obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 limping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 limp past · progressive the bird the grass vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across grass=Trajectory
Example 6 Grandpa has been limping since his knee operation.
nsubj aux aux case nmod:poss compound obl punct root Grandpa PROPN has AUX been AUX limping VERB since ADP his PRON knee NOUN operation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 4 limping nsubj 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 limping aux 3 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 limping aux 4 limping limp VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 since since ADP _ 8 operation case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 operation nmod:poss 7 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 8 operation compound 8 operation operation NOUN Number=Sing 4 limping obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 limping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 limp present · perfect · progressive Grandpa since Grandpa's knee operation vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 operate Grandpa nom operation «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The old bus went limping up the hill.
det amod nsubj xcomp compound:prt det obj punct root The DET old ADJ bus NOUN went VERB limping VERB up ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bus det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bus amod 3 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 4 went nsubj 4 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 limping limp VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 went xcomp 6 up up ADP _ 5 limping compound:prt 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 hill det 8 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 5 limping obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the old bus vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 limp up gerund the old bus not said here the hill vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location hill=Theme
Example 8 She picked up the leg sulkily and led her cow away, the poor animal limping on three legs.
The tree, 18 words nsubj compound:prt det obj advmod cc conj nmod:poss obj advmod punct det amod parataxis acl case nummod obl punct root She PRON picked VERB up ADP the DET leg NOUN sulkily ADV and CCONJ led VERB her PRON cow NOUN away ADV , PUNCT the DET poor ADJ animal NOUN limping VERB on ADP three NUM legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 picked nsubj 2 picked pick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 picked compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 leg det 5 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 2 picked obj 6 sulkily sulkily ADV _ 2 picked advmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 led cc 8 led lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 picked conj 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 cow nmod:poss 10 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 8 led obj 11 away away ADV _ 8 led advmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 animal punct 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 animal det 14 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 15 animal amod 15 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 8 led parataxis 16 limping limp VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 animal acl 17 on on ADP _ 19 legs case 18 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 19 legs nummod 19 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 16 limping obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 picked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick up past She the leg sulkily property vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Topic 2 lead away past She not said here her cow away property vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Theme 3 limp gerund the poor animal not said here three legs vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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