ling Who acts: ling, small purple flowers, líng, moor, We, she · What happens: be, catch, grow, mean, not be, give · To what, where: long sea fish, kind, moors, Chinese syllable, zero, part
«ling» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ling in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A ling is a long sea fish of the cod family, caught for food in the North Atlantic and around Australia and New Zealand.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod compound case det compound nmod punct conj case obl case det compound nmod cc case conj cc flat conj punct root A DET ling NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ sea NOUN fish NOUN of ADP the DET cod NOUN family NOUN , PUNCT caught VERB for ADP food NOUN in ADP the DET North PROPN Atlantic PROPN and CCONJ around ADP Australia PROPN and CCONJ New PROPN Zealand PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ling det 2 ling ling NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fish cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fish det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fish amod 6 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish compound 7 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 11 family case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 family det 10 cod cod NOUN Number=Sing 11 family compound 11 family family NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 caught punct 13 caught catch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 fish conj 14 for for ADP _ 15 food case 15 food food NOUN Number=Sing 13 caught obl 16 in in ADP _ 19 Atlantic case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 Atlantic det 18 North North PROPN Number=Sing 19 Atlantic compound 19 Atlantic Atlantic PROPN Number=Sing 15 food nmod 20 and and CCONJ _ 22 Australia cc 21 around around ADP _ 22 Australia case 22 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 19 Atlantic conj 23 and and CCONJ _ 25 Zealand cc 24 New New PROPN Number=Sing 25 Zealand flat 25 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 19 Atlantic conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 7 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ling a long sea fish of the cod family tree rules 2 catch participle a ling not said here for food in the North Atlantic and Australia and New Zealand vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for food=Beneficiary
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Ling is a kind of heather, a low shrub with small purple flowers that grows on moors.
The tree, 17 words nsubj cop det case nmod punct det amod nmod case amod amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root Ling NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP heather NOUN , PUNCT a DET low ADJ shrub NOUN with ADP small ADJ purple ADJ flowers NOUN that PRON grows VERB on ADP moors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ling ling NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 kind cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 kind det 4 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 heather case 6 heather heather NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 shrub punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 shrub det 9 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 10 shrub amod 10 shrub shrub NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nmod 11 with with ADP _ 14 flowers case 12 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 14 flowers amod 13 purple purple ADJ Degree=Pos 14 flowers amod 14 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 10 shrub nmod 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 grows nsubj 16 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 flowers acl:relcl 17 on on ADP _ 18 moors case 18 moors moor NOUN Number=Plur 16 grows obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 kind punct
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1 is a present Ling a kind of heather; a low shrub with small purple flowers nmod tree rules 2 grow present small purple flowers moors vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on moor=Location
Meaning 3 Usage: Mandarin, pinyin — kept apart, not parsed.
«Ling» is a Chinese syllable: líng means «zero» (零), and it is part of many names; it is not an English word.
The tree, 22 words punct nsubj punct cop det amod punct nsubj parataxis punct obj punct punct appos punct punct cc nsubj cop conj case amod nmod punct nsubj cop advmod det amod conj punct root « PUNCT Ling NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET Chinese ADJ syllable NOUN : PUNCT líng NOUN means VERB « PUNCT zero NUM » PUNCT ( PUNCT 零 NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT and CCONJ it PRON is AUX part NOUN of ADP many ADJ names NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX not PART an DET English ADJ word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Ling punct 2 Ling ling NOUN Number=Sing 7 syllable nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Ling punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 syllable cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 syllable det 6 Chinese Chinese ADJ Degree=Pos 7 syllable amod 7 syllable syllable NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 means punct 9 líng líng NOUN Number=Sing 10 means nsubj 10 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 syllable parataxis 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 zero punct 12 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 means obj 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 zero punct 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 零 punct 15 零 零 NOUN Number=Sing 12 zero appos 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 零 punct 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 part punct 18 and and CCONJ _ 21 part cc 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 part nsubj 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 part cop 21 part part NOUN Number=Sing 10 means conj 22 of of ADP _ 24 names case 23 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 24 names amod 24 names name NOUN Number=Plur 21 part nmod 25 ; ; PUNCT _ 31 word punct 26 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 31 word nsubj 27 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 31 word cop 28 not not PART Polarity=Neg 31 word advmod 29 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 31 word det 30 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 31 word amod 31 word word NOUN Number=Sing 10 means conj 32 . . PUNCT _ 7 syllable punct
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1 is a present Ling a Chinese syllable tree rules 2 mean present líng zero vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zero=Topic 3 is a present líng part of many names tree rules 4 not is a present líng a English word tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Ling is a Chinese given name or surname.
nsubj cop det amod amod cc conj punct root Ling NOUN is AUX a DET Chinese ADJ given VERB name NOUN or CCONJ surname NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ling ling NOUN Number=Sing 6 name nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 name cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 name det 4 Chinese Chinese ADJ Degree=Pos 6 name amod 5 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 name amod 6 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 surname cc 8 surname surname NOUN Number=Sing 6 name conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give participle vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present Ling a Chinese given name or surname tree rules
Example 1 The moor was purple with ling.
det nsubj cop case obl punct root The DET moor NOUN was AUX purple ADJ with ADP ling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 moor det 2 moor moor NOUN Number=Sing 4 purple nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 purple cop 4 purple purple ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 ling case 6 ling ling NOUN Number=Sing 4 purple obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 purple punct
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1 is past the moor with ling; purple property tree rules
Example 2 We had ling and chips at the beach.
nsubj obj cc conj case det obl punct root We PRON had VERB ling NOUN and CCONJ chips NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ling ling NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 chips cc 5 chips chip NOUN Number=Plur 3 ling conj 6 at at ADP _ 8 beach case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 beach det 8 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We ling and chips the beach vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ling=Patient
Example 3 Ling is caught in deep water.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root Ling NOUN is AUX caught VERB in ADP deep ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ling ling NOUN Number=Sing 3 caught nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 caught aux:pass 3 caught catch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 water case 5 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 6 water amod 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 caught obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 caught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch present · passive Ling deep water vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 4 In Mandarin, «líng» means zero.
case obl punct punct nsubj punct obj punct root In ADP Mandarin PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT líng NOUN » PUNCT means VERB zero NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Mandarin case 2 Mandarin Mandarin PROPN Number=Sing 7 means obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 líng punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 líng punct 5 líng líng NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 líng punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 means obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
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1 mean present líng zero in Mandarin vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot zero=Theme in mandarin=Attribute
Example 5 Ling is new in our class; she is from Shanghai.
nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj parataxis case obl punct root Ling NOUN is AUX new ADJ in ADP our PRON class NOUN ; PUNCT she PRON is VERB from ADP Shanghai PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ling ling NOUN Number=Sing 3 new nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 new cop 3 new new ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 class case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 class nmod:poss 6 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 new obl 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 is punct 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 is nsubj 9 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 new parataxis 10 from from ADP _ 11 Shanghai case 11 Shanghai Shanghai PROPN Number=Sing 9 is obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 new punct
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1 is present Ling our class new property tree rules 2 be present she Shanghai vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Bees make honey from ling heather.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj punct root Bees NOUN make VERB honey NOUN from SCONJ ling VERB heather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 2 make nsubj 2 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 honey honey NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 4 from from SCONJ _ 5 ling mark 5 ling ling VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 make advcl 6 heather heather NOUN Number=Sing 5 ling obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Bees honey vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent honey=Product 2 ling gerund Bees not said here heather tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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