linger Who acts: you, smell, illness, We, smoke, cough · What happens: linger, be, need, not want, leave, feel · To what, where: smell, something, beach, corridor, breakfast, happy memory
«linger» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: linger in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To linger is to stay somewhere longer than usual or than needed, because you do not want to leave.
The tree, 19 words mark csubj cop mark advmod advmod case advcl cc mark conj punct mark nsubj aux advmod conj mark xcomp punct root To PART linger VERB is AUX to PART stay VERB somewhere ADV longer ADV than ADP usual ADJ or CCONJ than SCONJ needed VERB , PUNCT because SCONJ you PRON do AUX not PART want VERB to PART leave VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 linger mark 2 linger linger VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stay csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stay cop 4 to to PART _ 5 stay mark 5 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 7 longer advmod 7 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 9 usual advmod 8 than than ADP _ 9 usual case 9 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stay advcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 needed cc 11 than than SCONJ _ 12 needed mark 12 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 usual conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 want punct 14 because because SCONJ _ 18 want mark 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 18 want nsubj 16 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 want aux 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 want advmod 18 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stay conj 19 to to PART _ 20 leave mark 20 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 want xcomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present stay property tree rules 3 need participle vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 4 not want present · do-support you vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 5 leave not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To linger is when a smell, feeling or illness stays for a long time.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop advmod det punct acl cc nsubj conj case det amod obl punct root To PART linger VERB is AUX when ADV a DET smell NOUN , PUNCT feeling VERB or CCONJ illness NOUN stays VERB for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 linger mark 2 linger linger VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 smell csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 smell cop 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 smell advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 smell det 6 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 feeling punct 8 feeling feel VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 smell acl 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 stays cc 10 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 11 stays nsubj 11 stays stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 feeling conj 12 for for ADP _ 15 time case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 time det 14 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 15 time amod 15 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 stays obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 smell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a smell tree rules 3 feel gerund a smell not said here vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 4 stay present illness time vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 To linger over something is to take your time with it.
mark advcl case obl cop mark nmod:poss obj case obl punct root To PART linger VERB over ADP something PRON is AUX to PART take VERB your PRON time NOUN with ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 linger mark 2 linger linger VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 take advcl 3 over over ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 linger obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 take cop 6 to to PART _ 7 take mark 7 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 time nmod:poss 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 take obj 10 with with ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 take obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger to-infinitive something vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over something=Location 2 is present time with it; take property tree rules
Example 1 We lingered on the beach until sunset.
nsubj case det obl case obl punct root We PRON lingered VERB on ADP the DET beach NOUN until ADP sunset NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 lingered nsubj 2 lingered linger VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 beach case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 beach det 5 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 lingered obl 6 until until ADP _ 7 sunset case 7 sunset sunset NOUN Number=Sing 2 lingered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 lingered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger past We the beach sunset vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on beach=Location
Example 2 The smell of smoke lingered for days.
det case nmod acl case obl punct root The DET smell NOUN of ADP smoke NOUN lingered VERB for ADP days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 smell det 2 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 smoke case 4 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 smell nmod 5 lingered linger VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 smell acl 6 for for ADP _ 7 days case 7 days day NOUN Number=Plur 5 lingered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 smell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger participle the smell of smoke not said here day vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 smell smoke nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent
Example 3 Don't linger in the corridor.
aux advmod case det obl punct root Do AUX n't PART linger VERB in ADP the DET corridor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 linger aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 linger advmod 3 linger linger VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 corridor case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 corridor det 6 corridor corridor NOUN Number=Sing 3 linger obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 linger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not linger imperative · do-support you not said here the corridor vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Location
Example 4 A cough can linger after a cold.
det nsubj aux case det obl punct root A DET cough NOUN can AUX linger VERB after ADP a DET cold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cough det 2 cough cough NOUN Number=Sing 4 linger nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 linger aux 4 linger linger VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 after after ADP _ 7 cold case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cold det 7 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 4 linger obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 linger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger can a cough after a cold vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 He lingered over his breakfast.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root He PRON lingered VERB over ADP his PRON breakfast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lingered nsubj 2 lingered linger VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 over over ADP _ 5 breakfast case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 breakfast nmod:poss 5 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 2 lingered obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 lingered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger past He his breakfast vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over breakfast=Location
Example 6 The happy memory lingered in her mind.
det amod acl case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET happy ADJ memory NOUN lingered VERB in ADP her PRON mind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 memory det 2 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 memory amod 3 memory memory NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 lingered linger VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 memory acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 mind case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 mind nmod:poss 7 mind mind NOUN Number=Sing 4 lingered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 memory punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 linger participle the happy memory not said here her mind vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mind=Location 2 mind her = she nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Oh, sir, do not linger here, or he will eat you too.’
The tree, 12 words discourse punct vocative punct aux advmod advmod punct cc nsubj aux conj obj advmod punct punct root Oh INTJ , PUNCT sir NOUN , PUNCT do AUX not PART linger VERB here ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ he PRON will AUX eat VERB you PRON too ADV . PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 7 linger discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 3 sir sir NOUN Number=Sing 1 Oh vocative 4 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 5 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 linger aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 linger advmod 7 linger linger VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 here here ADV PronType=Dem 7 linger advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 eat punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 eat cc 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 eat nsubj 12 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 eat aux 13 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 linger conj 14 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 eat obj 15 too too ADV _ 13 eat advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 linger punct 17 ’ ' PUNCT _ 7 linger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not linger imperative · do-support you not said here here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat future he you vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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