lingua Who acts: Lingua, it, people, English, Swahili, Latin · What happens: be, appear, use, speak, understand, come · To what, where: Latin word, English, language, different languages, each, rare medical word · Speech: someone speaks here
«lingua» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lingua in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: Latin — kept apart, not parsed.
«Lingua» is the Latin word for tongue and language.
punct nsubj punct cop det amod case nmod cc conj punct root « PUNCT Lingua NOUN » PUNCT is AUX the DET Latin ADJ word NOUN for ADP tongue NOUN and CCONJ language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Lingua punct 2 Lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 7 word nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Lingua punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 word cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 word det 6 Latin Latin ADJ Degree=Pos 7 word amod 7 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 for for ADP _ 9 tongue case 9 tongue tongue NOUN Number=Sing 7 word nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 language cc 11 language language NOUN Number=Sing 9 tongue conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lingua the Latin word for tongue and language tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In English it appears mainly in the phrase «lingua franca», a language used by people who speak different languages so they can understand each other.
The tree, 25 words case obl nsubj advmod case det obl punct appos appos punct punct det conj acl case obl nsubj acl:relcl amod obj mark nsubj aux advcl obj fixed punct root In ADP English PROPN it PRON appears VERB mainly ADV in ADP the DET phrase NOUN « PUNCT lingua NOUN franca PROPN » PUNCT , PUNCT a DET language NOUN used VERB by ADP people NOUN who PRON speak VERB different ADJ languages NOUN so SCONJ they PRON can AUX understand VERB each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 English case 2 English English PROPN Number=Sing 4 appears obl 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 appears nsubj 4 appears appear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 mainly mainly ADV _ 4 appears advmod 6 in in ADP _ 8 phrase case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 phrase det 8 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing 4 appears obl 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 lingua punct 10 lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 8 phrase appos 11 franca franca PROPN Number=Sing 10 lingua appos 12 » » PUNCT _ 10 lingua punct 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 language punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 language det 15 language language NOUN Number=Sing 8 phrase conj 16 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 language acl 17 by by ADP _ 18 people case 18 people people NOUN Number=Plur 16 used obl 19 who who PRON PronType=Rel 20 speak nsubj 20 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 people acl:relcl 21 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 22 languages amod 22 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 20 speak obj 23 so so SCONJ _ 26 understand mark 24 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 understand nsubj 25 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 26 understand aux 26 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 speak advcl 27 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 26 understand obj 28 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 27 each fixed 29 . . PUNCT _ 4 appears punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 appear present it English in the phrase and a language; mainly property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in english=Location 2 use participle a language not said here by people vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 speak speech: other present people different languages tree rules 4 understand can people each vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer each=Stimulus
Meaning 3 Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.
The lingua is a rare medical word for the tongue.
det nsubj cop det amod amod case det nmod punct root The DET lingua NOUN is AUX a DET rare ADJ medical ADJ word NOUN for ADP the DET tongue NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lingua det 2 lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 7 word nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 word cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 word det 5 rare rare ADJ Degree=Pos 7 word amod 6 medical medical ADJ Degree=Pos 7 word amod 7 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 for for ADP _ 10 tongue case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 tongue det 10 tongue tongue NOUN Number=Sing 7 word nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the lingua a rare medical word for the tongue tree rules
Example 1 «Lingua» is Latin for tongue.
punct nsubj punct cop case obl punct root « PUNCT Lingua NOUN » PUNCT is AUX Latin ADJ for ADP tongue NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Lingua punct 2 Lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 5 Latin nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Lingua punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 Latin cop 5 Latin Latin ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 tongue case 7 tongue tongue NOUN Number=Sing 5 Latin obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 Latin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Lingua for tongue; latin property tree rules
Example 2 English is a lingua franca for many travellers.
nsubj cop det compound case amod nmod punct root English PROPN is AUX a DET lingua NOUN franca NOUN for ADP many ADJ travellers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 English English PROPN Number=Sing 5 franca nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 franca cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 franca det 4 lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 5 franca compound 5 franca franca NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 travellers case 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 travellers amod 8 travellers traveller NOUN Number=Plur 5 franca nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 franca punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present English a lingua franca for many travellers tree rules
Example 3 Swahili is a lingua franca in East Africa.
nsubj cop det compound case compound nmod punct root Swahili NOUN is AUX a DET lingua NOUN franca NOUN in ADP East PROPN Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swahili swahili NOUN Number=Sing 5 franca nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 franca cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 franca det 4 lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 5 franca compound 5 franca franca NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 Africa case 7 East East PROPN Number=Sing 8 Africa compound 8 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 5 franca nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 franca punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Swahili a lingua franca East Africa tree rules
Example 4 Long ago, Latin was the lingua franca of Europe.
advmod advmod punct nsubj cop det appos case nmod punct root Long ADV ago ADV , PUNCT Latin PROPN was AUX the DET lingua NOUN franca PROPN of ADP Europe PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Long long ADV Degree=Pos 2 ago advmod 2 ago ago ADV _ 7 lingua advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 ago punct 4 Latin Latin PROPN Number=Sing 7 lingua nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 lingua cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lingua det 7 lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 franca franca PROPN Number=Sing 7 lingua appos 9 of of ADP _ 10 Europe case 10 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 8 franca nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 lingua punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Latin the lingua ago property tree rules
Example 5 «Bilingual» comes from «bi» (two) and «lingua» (tongue).
The tree, 8 words punct nsubj punct case punct obl punct punct conj punct cc punct conj punct punct appos punct punct root « PUNCT Bilingual NOUN » PUNCT comes VERB from ADP « PUNCT bi ADJ » PUNCT ( PUNCT two NUM ) PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT lingua NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT tongue NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Bilingual punct 2 Bilingual bilingual NOUN Number=Sing 4 comes nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Bilingual punct 4 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 bi case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 bi punct 7 bi bi ADJ Degree=Pos 4 comes obl 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 bi punct 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 two punct 10 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 bi conj 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 two punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 lingua cc 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 lingua punct 14 lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 4 comes conj 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 lingua punct 16 ( ( PUNCT _ 17 tongue punct 17 tongue tongue NOUN Number=Sing 14 lingua appos 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 17 tongue punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Bilingual bi vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from bi=Initial_Location
Example 6 A linguist studies languages, from «lingua».
det nsubj obj punct case punct parataxis punct punct root A DET linguist NOUN studies VERB languages NOUN , PUNCT from ADP « PUNCT lingua NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 linguist det 2 linguist linguist NOUN Number=Sing 3 studies nsubj 3 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 3 studies obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 lingua punct 6 from from ADP _ 8 lingua case 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 lingua punct 8 lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 3 studies parataxis 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 lingua punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 studies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present a linguist languages tree rules
Example 7 In the market, they spoke a lingua franca to trade.
case det obl punct nsubj det compound obj mark acl punct root In ADP the DET market NOUN , PUNCT they PRON spoke VERB a DET lingua NOUN franca NOUN to PART trade VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 market case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 market det 3 market market NOUN Number=Sing 6 spoke obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 market punct 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 spoke nsubj 6 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 franca det 8 lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 9 franca compound 9 franca franca NOUN Number=Sing 6 spoke obj 10 to to PART _ 11 trade mark 11 trade trade VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 franca acl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other past they a lingua franca the market tree rules 2 trade to-infinitive they not said here a lingua franca not said here vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 8 (Italian) «Lingua» also means tongue and language in Italian.
punct amod punct punct nsubj punct advmod obj cc conj case nmod punct root ( PUNCT Italian ADJ ) PUNCT « PUNCT Lingua NOUN » PUNCT also ADV means VERB tongue NOUN and CCONJ language NOUN in ADP Italian PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Italian punct 2 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Lingua amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Italian punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 Lingua punct 5 Lingua lingua NOUN Number=Sing 8 means nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 Lingua punct 7 also also ADV _ 8 means advmod 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 tongue tongue NOUN Number=Sing 8 means obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 language cc 11 language language NOUN Number=Sing 9 tongue conj 12 in in ADP _ 13 Italian case 13 Italian Italian PROPN Number=Sing 11 language nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Italian Lingua tongue and language in Italian vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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