llama Who acts: llama, different word, Llamas, llama spat, Incas, farms · What happens: be, keep, carry, mean, get, use · To what, where: South American animal, loads, Buddhist teacher, bags, llamas, sheep
«llama» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: llama in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A llama is a South American animal like a small camel without a hump, with a long neck and thick woolly coat, kept for carrying loads and for its wool.
The tree, 30 words det nsubj cop det compound amod case det amod nmod case det nmod punct case det amod parataxis cc amod amod conj punct parataxis mark advcl obj cc case nmod:poss conj punct root A DET llama NOUN is AUX a DET South PROPN American ADJ animal NOUN like ADP a DET small ADJ camel NOUN without ADP a DET hump NOUN , PUNCT with ADP a DET long ADJ neck NOUN and CCONJ thick ADJ woolly ADJ coat NOUN , PUNCT kept VERB for SCONJ carrying VERB loads NOUN and CCONJ for ADP its PRON wool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 llama det 2 llama llama NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 animal det 5 South South PROPN Number=Sing 7 animal compound 6 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 7 animal amod 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 like like ADP _ 11 camel case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 camel det 10 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 11 camel amod 11 camel camel NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nmod 12 without without ADP _ 14 hump case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 hump det 14 hump hump NOUN Number=Sing 11 camel nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 neck punct 16 with with ADP _ 19 neck case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 neck det 18 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 19 neck amod 19 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal parataxis 20 and and CCONJ _ 23 coat cc 21 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 23 coat amod 22 woolly woolly ADJ Degree=Pos 23 coat amod 23 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 19 neck conj 24 , , PUNCT _ 25 kept punct 25 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 animal parataxis 26 for for SCONJ _ 27 carrying mark 27 carrying carry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 25 kept advcl 28 loads load NOUN Number=Plur 27 carrying obj 29 and and CCONJ _ 32 wool cc 30 for for ADP _ 32 wool case 31 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 32 wool nmod:poss 32 wool wool NOUN Number=Sing 28 loads conj 33 . . PUNCT _ 7 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a llama a South American animal like a small camel without a hump tree rules 2 keep participle vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 carry gerund loads and llama's wool vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: Buddhism — kept apart, not parsed.
A different word, lama (one l), means a Buddhist teacher, like the Dalai Lama.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj punct appos punct nummod conj punct punct det amod obj punct case det compound appos punct root A DET different ADJ word NOUN , PUNCT lama NOUN ( PUNCT one NUM l NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT means VERB a DET Buddhist ADJ teacher NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET Dalai PROPN Lama PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 word det 2 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 3 word amod 3 word word NOUN Number=Sing 11 means nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 lama punct 5 lama lama NOUN Number=Sing 3 word appos 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 8 l punct 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 l nummod 8 l l NOUN Number=Sing 5 lama conj 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 8 l punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 3 word punct 11 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 teacher det 13 Buddhist buddhist ADJ Degree=Pos 14 teacher amod 14 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 11 means obj 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 Lama punct 16 like like ADP _ 19 Lama case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 Lama det 18 Dalai Dalai PROPN Number=Sing 19 Lama compound 19 Lama Lama PROPN Number=Sing 14 teacher appos 20 . . PUNCT _ 11 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present a different word a Buddhist teacher vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Topic
Example 1 Llamas carried our bags up the mountain path in Peru.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det compound obl case nmod punct root Llamas NOUN carried VERB our PRON bags NOUN up ADP the DET mountain NOUN path NOUN in ADP Peru PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Llamas llama NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried nsubj 2 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bags nmod:poss 4 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried obj 5 up up ADP _ 8 path case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 path det 7 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 8 path compound 8 path path NOUN Number=Sing 2 carried obl 9 in in ADP _ 10 Peru case 10 Peru Peru PROPN Number=Sing 8 path nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past Llamas our bags up the mountain path in Peru vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme
Example 2 A llama spat at the farmer when he got too close.
det compound nsubj case det nmod advmod nsubj advmod xcomp punct root A DET llama NOUN spat NOUN at ADP the DET farmer NOUN when ADV he PRON got VERB too ADV close ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 spat det 2 llama llama NOUN Number=Sing 3 spat compound 3 spat spat NOUN Number=Sing 9 got nsubj 4 at at ADP _ 6 farmer case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 farmer det 6 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 spat nmod 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 got advmod 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 got nsubj 9 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 too too ADV _ 11 close advmod 11 close close ADJ Degree=Pos 9 got xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past a llama spat at the farmer close property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 Llamas are related to camels.
nsubj cop case obl punct root Llamas NOUN are AUX related ADJ to ADP camels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Llamas llama NOUN Number=Plur 3 related nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 related cop 3 related related ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 camels case 5 camels camel NOUN Number=Plur 3 related obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 related punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Llamas to camels; related property tree rules
Example 4 The Incas used llamas as pack animals.
det nsubj obj case compound obl punct root The DET Incas NOUN used VERB llamas NOUN as ADP pack NOUN animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Incas det 2 Incas inca NOUN Number=Plur 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 llamas llama NOUN Number=Plur 3 used obj 5 as as ADP _ 7 animals case 6 pack pack NOUN Number=Sing 7 animals compound 7 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 3 used obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the Incas llamas as pack animals vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent llama=Duration as animal=Attribute
Example 5 Some farms in Britain keep llamas to protect sheep from foxes.
det nsubj case nmod obj mark advcl obj case obl punct root Some DET farms NOUN in ADP Britain PROPN keep VERB llamas NOUN to PART protect VERB sheep NOUN from ADP foxes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 farms det 2 farms farm NOUN Number=Plur 5 keep nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Britain case 4 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 2 farms nmod 5 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 llamas llama NOUN Number=Plur 5 keep obj 7 to to PART _ 8 protect mark 8 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep advcl 9 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Plur 8 protect obj 10 from from ADP _ 11 foxes case 11 foxes fox NOUN Number=Plur 8 protect obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present some farms in Britain llamas vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent llama=Theme 2 protect to-infinitive some farms in Britain not said here sheep from foxes vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent sheep=Beneficiary from fox=Theme
Example 6 An alpaca is smaller and fluffier than a llama.
det nsubj cop cc conj case det obl punct root An DET alpaca NOUN is AUX smaller ADJ and CCONJ fluffier ADJ than ADP a DET llama NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 alpaca det 2 alpaca alpaca NOUN Number=Sing 4 smaller nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 smaller cop 4 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 fluffier cc 6 fluffier fluffy ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 smaller conj 7 than than ADP _ 9 llama case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 llama det 9 llama llama NOUN Number=Sing 6 fluffier obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 smaller punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a alpaca small property tree rules 2 be a alpaca not said here than a llama tree rules
Example 7 We went llama trekking on our holiday.
nsubj obj acl case nmod:poss obl punct root We PRON went VERB llama NOUN trekking VERB on ADP our PRON holiday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 llama llama NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obj 4 trekking trek VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 llama acl 5 on on ADP _ 7 holiday case 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 holiday nmod:poss 7 holiday holiday NOUN Number=Sing 4 trekking obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We llama vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location llama=Theme 2 trek gerund llama not said here our holiday vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on holiday=Trajectory
Example 8 An enormous cobra which had crept up the stem of a tall palm tree threw itself on to a little llama that was grazing at the foot.
The tree, 27 words det amod nsubj nsubj:pass aux acl:relcl compound:prt det obj case det amod compound nmod obj compound:prt case det amod obl nsubj aux acl:relcl case det obl punct root An DET enormous ADJ cobra NOUN which PRON had AUX crept VERB up ADP the DET stem NOUN of ADP a DET tall ADJ palm NOUN tree NOUN threw VERB itself PRON on ADP to ADP a DET little ADJ llama NOUN that PRON was AUX grazing VERB at ADP the DET foot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cobra det 2 enormous enormous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cobra amod 3 cobra cobra NOUN Number=Sing 15 threw nsubj 4 which which PRON PronType=Rel 6 crept nsubj:pass 5 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 crept aux 6 crept creep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 cobra acl:relcl 7 up up ADP _ 6 crept compound:prt 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 stem det 9 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 6 crept obj 10 of of ADP _ 14 tree case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 tree det 12 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 14 tree amod 13 palm palm NOUN Number=Sing 14 tree compound 14 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 9 stem nmod 15 threw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 16 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 15 threw obj 17 on on ADP _ 15 threw compound:prt 18 to to ADP _ 21 llama case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 llama det 20 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 21 llama amod 21 llama llama NOUN Number=Sing 15 threw obl 22 that that PRON PronType=Rel 24 grazing nsubj 23 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 24 grazing aux 24 grazing graze VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 21 llama acl:relcl 25 at at ADP _ 27 foot case 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 foot det 27 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 24 grazing obl 28 . . PUNCT _ 15 threw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 creep up past · perfect · passive a enormous cobra tree rules 2 throw on past a enormous cobra stem a little llama vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent itself=Theme to llama=Destination 3 graze past · progressive a little llama the foot vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 stem a tall palm tree nom stem «communication transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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