loud Who acts: Loud, big sound, Loud colours, others, loud person, loud bell · What happens: mean, make, be, hear, catch, read out · To what, where: big sound, eye, it, lot, poem, music
«loud» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: loud in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Loud means making a big sound that is easy to hear.
nsubj xcomp det amod obj nsubj cop acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root Loud ADJ means VERB making VERB a DET big ADJ sound NOUN that PRON is AUX easy ADJ to PART hear VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sound det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sound amod 6 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 3 making obj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 easy nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 easy cop 9 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sound acl:relcl 10 to to PART _ 11 hear mark 11 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 easy xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Loud vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make not said to happen gerund Loud not said here a big sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product 3 is present a big sound easy property tree rules 4 hear to-infinitive a big sound not said here vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Loud colours or clothes are very bright and catch the eye.
amod nsubj cc conj cop advmod cc conj det obj punct root Loud ADJ colours NOUN or CCONJ clothes NOUN are AUX very ADV bright ADJ and CCONJ catch VERB the DET eye NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 2 colours amod 2 colours colour NOUN Number=Plur 7 bright nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 clothes cc 4 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 2 colours conj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bright cop 6 very very ADV _ 7 bright advmod 7 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 catch cc 9 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 bright conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 eye det 11 eye eye NOUN Number=Sing 9 catch obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 bright punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Loud colours or clothes bright property tree rules 2 catch infinitive Loud colours or clothes not said here the eye vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme
Meaning 3 «Out loud» or «aloud» means so that others can hear: read it out loud.
The tree, 14 words punct advmod nsubj punct cc punct conj punct mark mark nsubj aux ccomp punct conj obj compound:prt advmod punct root « PUNCT Out ADV loud ADV » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT aloud ADV » PUNCT means VERB so SCONJ that SCONJ others NOUN can AUX hear VERB : PUNCT read VERB it PRON out ADP loud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 loud punct 2 Out out ADV _ 3 loud advmod 3 loud loud ADV _ 9 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 loud punct 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 aloud cc 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 aloud punct 7 aloud aloud ADV _ 3 loud conj 8 » » PUNCT _ 3 loud punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 so so SCONJ _ 14 hear mark 11 that that SCONJ _ 14 hear mark 12 others other NOUN Number=Plur 14 hear nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 hear aux 14 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 means ccomp 15 : : PUNCT _ 16 read punct 16 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 hear conj 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 read obj 18 out out ADP _ 16 read compound:prt 19 loud loud ADV _ 16 read advmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 hear can others vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer 3 read out infinitive others not said here it loud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
Meaning 4 A loud person talks a lot and noisily.
det amod nsubj det obj cc conj punct root A DET loud ADJ person NOUN talks VERB a DET lot NOUN and CCONJ noisily ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 person det 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 person amod 3 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 talks nsubj 4 talks talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lot det 6 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 4 talks obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 noisily cc 8 noisily noisily ADV _ 6 lot conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 talks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk present a loud person a lot vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent lot=Patient
Example 1 The loud bell rang 3 times.
det amod nsubj nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET loud ADJ bell NOUN rang VERB 3 NUM times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bell det 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bell amod 3 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 4 rang nsubj 4 rang ring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 times nummod 6 times time NOUN Number=Plur 4 rang obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 rang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ring past the loud bell time vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 The dog barked loudly.
det nsubj advmod punct root The DET dog NOUN barked VERB loudly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 barked nsubj 3 barked bark VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 loudly loudly ADV _ 3 barked advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 barked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bark past the dog loudly property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Which sound is the loudest?
det nsubj cop det punct root Which DET sound NOUN is AUX the DET loudest ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which DET PronType=Int 2 sound det 2 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 5 loudest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 loudest cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 loudest det 5 loudest loud ADJ Degree=Sup root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 loudest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present which sound loud property tree rules
Example 4 Please read the poem out loud.
discourse det obj advmod advmod punct root Please INTJ read VERB the DET poem NOUN out ADV loud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 read discourse 2 read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 poem det 4 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 out out ADV _ 6 loud advmod 6 loud loud ADV _ 2 read advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the poem loud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poem=Topic
Example 5 The music was too loud, so we turned it down.
det nsubj cop advmod punct advmod nsubj conj obj compound:prt punct root The DET music NOUN was AUX too ADV loud ADJ , PUNCT so ADV we PRON turned VERB it PRON down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 music det 2 music music NOUN Number=Sing 5 loud nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 loud cop 4 too too ADV _ 5 loud advmod 5 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 turned punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 turned advmod 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 turned nsubj 9 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 loud conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 turned obj 11 down down ADP _ 9 turned compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 loud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the music loud property tree rules 2 turn down past we music vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 6 Thunder is louder than rain.
nsubj cop case obl punct root Thunder NOUN is AUX louder ADJ than ADP rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thunder thunder NOUN Number=Sing 3 louder nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 louder cop 3 louder loud ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 4 than than ADP _ 5 rain case 5 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 louder obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 louder punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Thunder than rain; loud property tree rules
Example 7 He wore a loud shirt with orange stripes.
nsubj det amod obj case amod nmod punct root He PRON wore VERB a DET loud ADJ shirt NOUN with ADP orange ADJ stripes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wore nsubj 2 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 shirt det 4 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 5 shirt amod 5 shirt shirt NOUN Number=Sing 2 wore obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 stripes case 7 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 8 stripes amod 8 stripes stripe NOUN Number=Plur 5 shirt nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past He a loud shirt with orange stripes vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shirt=Theme
Example 8 Very loud noise can damage your hearing.
advmod amod nsubj aux nmod:poss obj punct root Very ADV loud ADJ noise NOUN can AUX damage VERB your PRON hearing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 loud advmod 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 noise amod 3 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 5 damage nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 damage aux 5 damage damage VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 hearing nmod:poss 7 hearing hearing NOUN Number=Sing 5 damage obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 damage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 damage can loud noise your hearing vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hearing=Patient 2 hear your nom hearing «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 9 Use your quiet voice in the library, not your loud one.
nmod:poss amod obj case det obl punct advmod nmod:poss amod obl punct root Use VERB your PRON quiet ADJ voice NOUN in ADP the DET library NOUN , PUNCT not PART your PRON loud ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 voice nmod:poss 3 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 4 voice amod 4 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 library case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 library det 7 library library NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 one punct 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 one advmod 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 one nmod:poss 11 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 12 one amod 12 one one NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here your quiet voice the library your loud one obl vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient
Example 10 The king laughed loud and long.
det nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root The DET king NOUN laughed VERB loud ADJ and CCONJ long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 king det 2 king king NOUN Number=Sing 3 laughed nsubj 3 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 laughed xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 long cc 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 4 loud conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 laughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh past the king loud property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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