lung Who acts: lungs, you, We, ribs, Smoking, Fish · What happens: be, breathe, take, let out, have, fill · To what, where: two organs, chest, that, oxygen, air, carbon dioxide
«lung» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lung in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The lungs are the two organs inside your chest that you breathe with; they take oxygen from the air into your blood and let carbon dioxide out.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det nummod case nmod:poss nmod obj nsubj parataxis case punct nsubj parataxis obj case det obl case nmod:poss obl cc conj compound obj compound:prt punct root The DET lungs NOUN are AUX the DET two NUM organs NOUN inside ADP your PRON chest NOUN that PRON you PRON breathe VERB with ADP ; PUNCT they PRON take VERB oxygen NOUN from ADP the DET air NOUN into ADP your PRON blood NOUN and CCONJ let VERB carbon NOUN dioxide NOUN out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lungs det 2 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 6 organs nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 organs cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 organs det 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 organs nummod 6 organs organ NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 inside inside ADP _ 9 chest case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 chest nmod:poss 9 chest chest NOUN Number=Sing 6 organs nmod 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 breathe obj 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 breathe nsubj 12 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 organs parataxis 13 with with ADP _ 12 breathe case 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 take punct 15 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 take nsubj 16 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 organs parataxis 17 oxygen oxygen NOUN Number=Sing 16 take obj 18 from from ADP _ 20 air case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 air det 20 air air NOUN Number=Sing 16 take obl 21 into into ADP _ 23 blood case 22 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 blood nmod:poss 23 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 16 take obl 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 let cc 25 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 16 take conj 26 carbon carbon NOUN Number=Sing 27 dioxide compound 27 dioxide dioxide NOUN Number=Sing 25 let obj 28 out out ADP _ 25 let compound:prt 29 . . PUNCT _ 6 organs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the lungs the two organs your chest tree rules 2 breathe present you that vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme 3 take present lungs = lung oxygen the air into your blood vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme from air=Initial_Location 4 let out infinitive lungs = lung not said here carbon dioxide vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 We have two lungs in our chest.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root We PRON have VERB two NUM lungs NOUN in ADP our PRON chest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 lungs nummod 4 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 chest case 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 chest nmod:poss 7 chest chest NOUN Number=Sing 4 lungs nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present We two lungs our chest vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient
Example 2 Your lungs fill with air when you breathe in.
nmod:poss nsubj case obl mark nsubj advcl compound:prt punct root Your PRON lungs NOUN fill VERB with ADP air NOUN when SCONJ you PRON breathe VERB in ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 lungs nmod:poss 2 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 3 fill nsubj 3 fill fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 5 air case 5 air air NOUN Number=Sing 3 fill obl 6 when when SCONJ _ 8 breathe mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 breathe nsubj 8 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 fill advcl 9 in in ADP _ 8 breathe compound:prt 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 fill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill present Your lungs with air vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with air=Instrument 2 breathe in present you vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The ribs protect the heart and lungs.
det nsubj det obj cc conj punct root The DET ribs NOUN protect VERB the DET heart NOUN and CCONJ lungs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ribs det 2 ribs rib NOUN Number=Plur 3 protect nsubj 3 protect protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 heart det 5 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 3 protect obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 lungs cc 7 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 5 heart conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 protect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present the ribs the heart and lungs vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Beneficiary
Example 4 Smoking harms your lungs.
nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Smoking NOUN harms VERB your PRON lungs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoking smoking NOUN Number=Sing 2 harms nsubj 2 harms harm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 lungs nmod:poss 4 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 2 harms obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 harms punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 harm present Smoking your lungs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lung=Experiencer
Example 5 Running makes your lungs work hard.
nsubj nmod:poss nsubj ccomp advmod punct root Running VERB makes VERB your PRON lungs NOUN work VERB hard ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 lungs nmod:poss 4 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 5 work nsubj 5 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 makes ccomp 6 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 5 work advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 make present tree rules 3 work present your lungs hard property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Fish use gills instead of lungs.
nsubj obj case fixed obl punct root Fish NOUN use VERB gills NOUN instead ADV of ADP lungs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 gills gill NOUN Number=Plur 2 use obj 4 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 6 lungs case 5 of of ADP _ 4 instead fixed 6 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 2 use obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Fish gills instead lungs vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Patient
Example 7 She shouted at the top of her lungs.
nsubj case det obl case nmod:poss nmod punct root She PRON shouted VERB at ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP her PRON lungs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 shouted nsubj 2 shouted shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 top case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 top det 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 2 shouted obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 lungs case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 lungs nmod:poss 8 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 5 top nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express past She the top of her lungs vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Smoke from fires is bad for the lungs.
nsubj case nmod cop case det obl punct root Smoke NOUN from ADP fires NOUN is AUX bad ADJ for ADP the DET lungs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 5 bad nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 3 fires case 3 fires fire NOUN Number=Plur 1 Smoke nmod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bad cop 5 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 lungs case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lungs det 8 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 5 bad obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 bad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Smoke from fires for the lungs; bad property tree rules
Example 9 This resulted in inflammation of the lungs, which rapidly increased.
nsubj case obl case det nmod punct nsubj advmod acl:relcl punct root This PRON resulted VERB in ADP inflammation NOUN of ADP the DET lungs NOUN , PUNCT which PRON rapidly ADV increased VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 resulted nsubj 2 resulted result VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 inflammation case 4 inflammation inflammation NOUN Number=Sing 2 resulted obl 5 of of ADP _ 7 lungs case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lungs det 7 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 4 inflammation nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 increased punct 9 which which PRON PronType=Rel 11 increased nsubj 10 rapidly rapidly ADV _ 11 increased advmod 11 increased increase VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 inflammation acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 resulted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 result participle This inflammation of the lungs vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in inflammation=Location 2 increase past inflammation of the lungs rapidly property vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 inflame the lungs nom inflammation «state transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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