maintain Who acts: something, they, You, car, He, caretaker · What happens: maintain, be, look, say, mean, pay · To what, where: something, good condition, same level, speed, someone, bike · Speech: someone speaks here
«maintain» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: maintain in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To maintain something is to keep it in good condition by looking after it.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj case amod obl mark advcl case obl punct root To PART maintain VERB something PRON is AUX to PART keep VERB it PRON in ADP good ADJ condition NOUN by SCONJ looking VERB after ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 maintain mark 2 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 keep advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 maintain obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 keep cop 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 keep obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 condition case 9 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 10 condition amod 10 condition condition NOUN Number=Sing 6 keep obl 11 by by SCONJ _ 12 looking mark 12 looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 keep advcl 13 after after ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 looking obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maintain to-infinitive something vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present good condition keep property tree rules 3 look gerund after condition vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To maintain is to keep something at the same level: maintain a speed.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj cop mark obj case det amod obl punct conj det obj punct root To PART maintain VERB is AUX to PART keep VERB something PRON at ADP the DET same ADJ level NOUN : PUNCT maintain VERB a DET speed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 maintain mark 2 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 keep cop 4 to to PART _ 5 keep mark 5 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 keep obj 7 at at ADP _ 10 level case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 level det 9 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 10 level amod 10 level level NOUN Number=Sing 5 keep obl 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 maintain punct 12 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep conj 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 speed det 14 speed speed NOUN Number=Sing 12 maintain obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maintain to-infinitive vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent 2 is present the same level keep property tree rules 3 maintain infinitive a speed vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent speed=Theme
Meaning 3 To maintain is to keep saying firmly that something is true.
mark csubj cop mark xcomp advmod mark nsubj cop ccomp punct root To PART maintain VERB is AUX to PART keep VERB saying VERB firmly ADV that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 maintain mark 2 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 keep csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 keep cop 4 to to PART _ 5 keep mark 5 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 keep xcomp 7 firmly firmly ADV _ 6 saying advmod 8 that that SCONJ _ 11 true mark 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 true nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 true cop 11 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 6 saying ccomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maintain to-infinitive vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent 2 is present keep property tree rules 3 say speech: assert gerund firmly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 is present something true property tree rules
Meaning 4 To maintain someone can mean to pay for what they need to live.
mark csubj obj aux mark xcomp case obl nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root To PART maintain VERB someone PRON can AUX mean VERB to PART pay VERB for ADP what PRON they PRON need VERB to PART live VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 maintain mark 2 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 maintain obj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 pay mark 7 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean xcomp 8 for for ADP _ 9 what case 9 what what PRON PronType=Rel 7 pay obl 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 need nsubj 11 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 what acl:relcl 12 to to PART _ 13 live mark 13 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 need xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maintain to-infinitive someone vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 pay not said to happen to-infinitive vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for what=Theme 4 need present they vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 5 live not said to happen to-infinitive they not said here vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 You must maintain your bike by oiling the chain.
nsubj aux nmod:poss obj mark advcl det obj punct root You PRON must AUX maintain VERB your PRON bike NOUN by SCONJ oiling VERB the DET chain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 maintain nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 maintain aux 3 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bike nmod:poss 5 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 maintain obj 6 by by SCONJ _ 7 oiling mark 7 oiling oil VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 maintain advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 chain det 9 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 7 oiling obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 maintain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maintain must You your bike vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent bike=Theme 2 oil gerund You not said here the chain vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent chain=Destination
Example 2 The car maintained a steady speed of 60 km/h.
det nsubj det amod obj case nummod nmod punct root The DET car NOUN maintained VERB a DET steady ADJ speed NOUN of ADP 60 NUM km/h NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 maintained nsubj 3 maintained maintain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 speed det 5 steady steady ADJ Degree=Pos 6 speed amod 6 speed speed NOUN Number=Sing 3 maintained obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 km/h case 8 60 60 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 km/h nummod 9 km/h km/h NOUN Number=Sing 6 speed nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 maintained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maintain past the car a steady speed of 60 km/h vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent speed=Theme
Example 3 He maintained that he was innocent.
nsubj mark nsubj cop ccomp punct root He PRON maintained VERB that SCONJ he PRON was AUX innocent ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 maintained nsubj 2 maintained maintain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 6 innocent mark 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 innocent nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 innocent cop 6 innocent innocent ADJ Degree=Pos 2 maintained ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 maintained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maintain past He vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent 2 is past he innocent property tree rules
Example 4 Keep the water at the same temperature to maintain a fair test.
det obj case det amod obl mark advcl det amod obj punct root Keep VERB the DET water NOUN at ADP the DET same ADJ temperature NOUN to PART maintain VERB a DET fair ADJ test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 water det 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obj 4 at at ADP _ 7 temperature case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 temperature det 6 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 7 temperature amod 7 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obl 8 to to PART _ 9 maintain mark 9 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Keep advcl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 test det 11 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 12 test amod 12 test test NOUN Number=Sing 9 maintain obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here the water the same temperature vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme at temperature=Location 2 maintain to-infinitive you not said here a fair test vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent test=Theme
Example 5 The caretaker maintains the school grounds.
det nsubj det compound obj punct root The DET caretaker NOUN maintains VERB the DET school NOUN grounds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 caretaker det 2 caretaker caretaker NOUN Number=Sing 3 maintains nsubj 3 maintains maintain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 grounds det 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 6 grounds compound 6 grounds grounds NOUN Number=Ptan 3 maintains obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 maintains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 maintain present the caretaker the school grounds vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent grounds=Theme
Example 6 Try to maintain eye contact when you speak.
mark xcomp compound obj mark nsubj advcl punct root Try VERB to PART maintain VERB eye NOUN contact NOUN when SCONJ you PRON speak VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Try try VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 to to PART _ 3 maintain mark 3 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Try xcomp 4 eye eye NOUN Number=Sing 5 contact compound 5 contact contact NOUN Number=Sing 3 maintain obj 6 when when SCONJ _ 8 speak mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 speak nsubj 8 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 maintain advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try imperative you not said here vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 maintain not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here eye contact vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent contact=Theme 3 speak speech: other present you vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Regular exercise helps maintain good health.
amod nsubj xcomp amod obj punct root Regular ADJ exercise NOUN helps VERB maintain VERB good ADJ health NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Regular regular ADJ Degree=Pos 2 exercise amod 2 exercise exercise NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps nsubj 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 maintain maintain VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helps xcomp 5 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 6 health amod 6 health health NOUN Number=Sing 4 maintain obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Regular exercise vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 maintain infinitive Regular exercise not said here good health vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent health=Theme
Example 8 Yes, it always pays best when the wife sees and maintains that her husband knows best, and whatever he does is right.
The tree, 22 words discourse punct nsubj advmod advmod mark det nsubj advcl cc conj mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl advmod punct cc obj nsubj aux cop conj punct root Yes INTJ , PUNCT it PRON always ADV pays VERB best ADV when SCONJ the DET wife NOUN sees VERB and CCONJ maintains VERB that SCONJ her PRON husband NOUN knows VERB best ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ whatever PRON he PRON does AUX is AUX right ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 5 pays discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Yes punct 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 pays nsubj 4 always always ADV PronType=Tot 5 pays advmod 5 pays pay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 best well ADV Degree=Sup 5 pays advmod 7 when when SCONJ _ 10 sees mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 wife det 9 wife wife NOUN Number=Sing 10 sees nsubj 10 sees see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pays advcl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 maintains cc 12 maintains maintain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sees conj 13 that that SCONJ _ 16 knows mark 14 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 husband nmod:poss 15 husband husband NOUN Number=Sing 16 knows nsubj 16 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 maintains advcl 17 best well ADV Degree=Sup 16 knows advmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 24 right punct 19 and and CCONJ _ 24 right cc 20 whatever whatever PRON PronType=Rel 22 does obj 21 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 does nsubj 22 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 right aux 23 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 right cop 24 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 5 pays conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 pays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay present it always, well property vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 see present the wife vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 maintain present the wife not said here vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent 4 know present wife's husband well property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 5 is present · do-support right property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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