malaria Who acts: Malaria, serious illness, tiny parasite, infected mosquito, mosquito bites, Many children · What happens: be, cause, shiver, sweat, kill, not treat · To what, where: serious illness, high fever, fever, It, blood, person
«malaria» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: malaria in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Malaria is a serious illness that causes high fever, shivering and sweating, and can kill if it is not treated.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl amod obj punct advcl cc conj punct cc aux conj mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod advcl punct root Malaria PROPN is AUX a DET serious ADJ illness NOUN that PRON causes VERB high ADJ fever NOUN , PUNCT shivering VERB and CCONJ sweating VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ can AUX kill VERB if SCONJ it PRON is AUX not PART treated VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malaria Malaria PROPN Number=Sing 5 illness nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 illness cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 illness det 4 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 illness amod 5 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 causes nsubj 7 causes cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 illness acl:relcl 8 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fever amod 9 fever fever NOUN Number=Sing 7 causes obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 shivering punct 11 shivering shiver VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 causes advcl 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 sweating cc 13 sweating sweat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 shivering conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 kill punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 17 kill cc 16 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 17 kill aux 17 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 illness conj 18 if if SCONJ _ 22 treated mark 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 treated nsubj:pass 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 treated aux:pass 21 not not PART Polarity=Neg 22 treated advmod 22 treated treat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 kill advcl 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 illness punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Malaria a serious illness tree rules 2 cause present a serious illness high fever vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fever=Patient 3 shiver gerund a serious illness not said here vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 sweat gerund a serious illness not said here vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 kill can Malaria not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 6 not treat a condition, not said to happen present · passive fever vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is caused by a tiny parasite that gets into the blood when an infected mosquito bites a person.
The tree, 19 words nsubj:pass aux:pass case det amod obl nsubj acl:relcl case det obl mark det amod nsubj advcl det obj punct root It PRON is AUX caused VERB by ADP a DET tiny ADJ parasite NOUN that PRON gets VERB into ADP the DET blood NOUN when SCONJ an DET infected VERB mosquito NOUN bites VERB a DET person NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 caused nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 caused aux:pass 3 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 7 parasite case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 parasite det 6 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 parasite amod 7 parasite parasite NOUN Number=Sing 3 caused obl 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 gets nsubj 9 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 parasite acl:relcl 10 into into ADP _ 12 blood case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 blood det 12 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets obl 13 when when SCONJ _ 17 bites mark 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 mosquito det 15 infected infect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 mosquito amod 16 mosquito mosquito NOUN Number=Sing 17 bites nsubj 17 bites bite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 gets advcl 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 person det 19 person person NOUN Number=Sing 17 bites obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present · passive a tiny parasite It vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient 2 get present a tiny parasite the blood vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into blood=Destination 3 infect participle vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 4 bite present a infected mosquito a person vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Patient
Example 1 Malaria is spread by mosquito bites.
nsubj aux:pass case compound obl punct root Malaria PROPN is AUX spread VERB by ADP mosquito NOUN bites NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malaria Malaria PROPN Number=Sing 3 spread nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 spread aux:pass 3 spread spread VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 bites case 5 mosquito mosquito NOUN Number=Sing 6 bites compound 6 bites bite NOUN Number=Plur 3 spread obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread present · passive mosquito bites Malaria vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme
Example 2 Many children in Africa sleep under nets to stop malaria.
amod nsubj case nmod case obl mark advcl obj punct root Many ADJ children NOUN in ADP Africa PROPN sleep VERB under ADP nets NOUN to PART stop VERB malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 children amod 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 sleep nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Africa case 4 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 2 children nmod 5 sleep sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 under under ADP _ 7 nets case 7 nets net NOUN Number=Plur 5 sleep obl 8 to to PART _ 9 stop mark 9 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 sleep advcl 10 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 9 stop obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 sleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present Many children in Africa nets vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 stop to-infinitive Many children in Africa not said here malaria vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality malaria=Eventuality
Example 3 Before the trip, Dad took anti-malaria tablets.
case det obl punct nsubj compound obj punct root Before ADP the DET trip NOUN , PUNCT Dad PROPN took VERB anti-malaria NOUN tablets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Before before ADP _ 3 trip case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 trip det 3 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 6 took obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 trip punct 5 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 6 took nsubj 6 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 anti-malaria anti-malaria NOUN Number=Sing 8 tablets compound 8 tablets tablet NOUN Number=Plur 6 took obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past Dad anti-malaria tablets the trip vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tablet=Theme before trip=Destination
Example 4 Malaria gives you a very high fever.
nsubj iobj det advmod amod obj punct root Malaria NOUN gives VERB you PRON a DET very ADV high ADJ fever NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives nsubj 2 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 gives iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fever det 5 very very ADV _ 6 high advmod 6 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fever amod 7 fever fever NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present Malaria a high fever you vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient fever=Theme
Example 5 Mosquitoes lay their eggs in still water, so people drain puddles to fight malaria.
The tree, 14 words nsubj nmod:poss obj case advmod obl punct advmod nsubj conj obj mark advcl obj punct root Mosquitoes NOUN lay VERB their PRON eggs NOUN in ADP still ADV water NOUN , PUNCT so ADV people NOUN drain VERB puddles NOUN to PART fight VERB malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mosquitoes mosquito NOUN Number=Plur 2 lay nsubj 2 lay lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 eggs nmod:poss 4 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 2 lay obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 water case 6 still still ADV _ 7 water advmod 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 lay obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 drain punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 drain advmod 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 drain nsubj 11 drain drain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 lay conj 12 puddles puddle NOUN Number=Plur 11 drain obj 13 to to PART _ 14 fight mark 14 fight fight VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 drain advcl 15 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 14 fight obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 lay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay present Mosquitoes Mosquitoes's eggs water vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in water=Destination 2 drain present people puddles vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent puddle=Source 3 fight to-infinitive people not said here malaria vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent malaria=Co-Agent
Example 6 Scientists have made vaccines against malaria.
nsubj aux obj case nmod punct root Scientists NOUN have AUX made VERB vaccines NOUN against ADP malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 made aux 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 vaccines vaccine NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 5 against against ADP _ 6 malaria case 6 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 4 vaccines nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · perfect Scientists vaccines against malaria vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset vaccine=Product
Example 7 You cannot catch malaria by touching someone who has it.
nsubj aux advmod obj mark advcl obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root You PRON can AUX not PART catch VERB malaria NOUN by SCONJ touching VERB someone PRON who PRON has VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 catch nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 catch aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 catch advmod 4 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 4 catch obj 6 by by SCONJ _ 7 touching mark 7 touching touch VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 catch advcl 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 touching obj 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 has nsubj 10 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 someone acl:relcl 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 has obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 catch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not catch can You malaria vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent malaria=Theme 2 touch gerund You not said here someone vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme someone=Co-Theme 3 have present malaria vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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