malice Who acts: Malice, bad things, witch, He, Malice aforethought, Gossip · What happens: be, hurt, make, happen, do, break · To what, where: wish, someone, them, intention, harm, law
«malice» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: malice in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Malice is the wish to hurt someone or make bad things happen to them.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det mark acl obj cc conj amod nsubj parataxis case obl punct root Malice NOUN is AUX the DET wish NOUN to PART hurt VERB someone PRON or CCONJ make VERB bad ADJ things NOUN happen VERB to ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 4 wish nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 wish cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 wish det 4 wish wish NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 hurt mark 6 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 wish acl 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 hurt obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 make cc 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 hurt conj 10 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 11 things amod 11 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 12 happen nsubj 12 happen happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 make parataxis 13 to to ADP _ 14 them case 14 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 happen obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 wish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Malice the wish tree rules 2 hurt to-infinitive someone vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient 3 make infinitive vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 4 happen present bad things them = they vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
Malice is the intention to do harm when breaking the law.
nsubj cop det mark acl obj advmod advcl det obj punct root Malice NOUN is AUX the DET intention NOUN to PART do VERB harm NOUN when ADV breaking VERB the DET law NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 4 intention nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 intention cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 intention det 4 intention intention NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 do mark 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 intention acl 7 harm harm NOUN Number=Sing 6 do obj 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 breaking advmod 9 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 do advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 law det 11 law law NOUN Number=Sing 9 breaking obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 intention punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Malice the intention tree rules 2 do to-infinitive harm vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality 3 break gerund the law vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient
Meaning 3 Malice can also mean playful teasing that is not really meant to be unkind.
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux advmod amod obj nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod advmod acl:relcl mark cop xcomp punct root Malice NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB playful ADJ teasing NOUN that PRON is AUX not PART really ADV meant VERB to PART be AUX unkind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 playful playful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 teasing amod 6 teasing teasing NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean obj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 meant nsubj:pass 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 meant aux:pass 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 meant advmod 10 really really ADV _ 11 meant advmod 11 meant mean VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 teasing acl:relcl 12 to to PART _ 14 unkind mark 13 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 14 unkind cop 14 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 11 meant xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Malice playful teasing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teasing=Topic 2 not mean present · passive playful teasing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic 3 is not said to happen to-infinitive unkind property tree rules
Example 1 The witch looked at the princess with malice.
det nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root The DET witch NOUN looked VERB at ADP the DET princess NOUN with ADP malice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 witch det 2 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 princess case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 princess det 6 princess princess NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 7 with with ADP _ 8 malice case 8 malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 6 princess nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the witch at the princess with malice vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at princess=Theme
Example 2 He broke the toy by accident, not out of malice.
nsubj det obj case obl punct advmod case case obl punct root He PRON broke VERB the DET toy NOUN by ADP accident NOUN , PUNCT not PART out ADP of ADP malice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 broke nsubj 2 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 toy det 4 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 2 broke obj 5 by by ADP _ 6 accident case 6 accident accident NOUN Number=Sing 2 broke obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 malice punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 malice advmod 9 out out ADP _ 11 malice case 10 of of ADP _ 11 malice case 11 malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 2 broke obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past He the toy malice by accident vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer toy=Patient
Example 3 There was no malice in her joke.
expl det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod punct root There PRON was VERB no DET malice NOUN in ADP her PRON joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 malice det 4 malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 joke case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 joke nmod:poss 7 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 4 malice nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past no malice in malice's joke there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 joke malice nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The bully acted with malice.
det acl case obl punct root The DET bully NOUN acted VERB with ADP malice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bully det 2 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 acted act VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 bully acl 4 with with ADP _ 5 malice case 5 malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 3 acted obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 bully punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 act participle the bully not said here with malice vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 «Malice aforethought» is an old legal phrase.
punct compound nsubj punct cop det amod amod punct root « PUNCT Malice NOUN aforethought NOUN » PUNCT is AUX an DET old ADJ legal ADJ phrase NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 aforethought punct 2 Malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 3 aforethought compound 3 aforethought aforethought NOUN Number=Sing 9 phrase nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 aforethought punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 phrase cop 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 phrase det 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 phrase amod 8 legal legal ADJ Degree=Pos 9 phrase amod 9 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 phrase punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Malice aforethought a old legal phrase tree rules
Example 6 Gossip can be full of malice.
nsubj aux cop case obl punct root Gossip NOUN can AUX be AUX full ADJ of ADP malice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gossip gossip NOUN Number=Sing 4 full nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 full aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 full cop 4 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 malice case 6 malice malice NOUN Number=Sing 4 full obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can Gossip of malice; full property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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