malicious Who acts: Malicious, malicious act, Malicious software, witch, Someone, malicious rumour · What happens: mean, want, hurt, do, be, harm · To what, where: someone, harm, purpose, one, Malicious software, computer · Speech: someone speaks here
«malicious» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: malicious in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Malicious means wanting to hurt someone or do harm on purpose.
nsubj ccomp mark xcomp obj cc conj obj case obl punct root Malicious PROPN means VERB wanting VERB to PART hurt VERB someone PRON or CCONJ do VERB harm NOUN on ADP purpose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malicious Malicious PROPN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 wanting want VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means ccomp 4 to to PART _ 5 hurt mark 5 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 wanting xcomp 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 hurt obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 do cc 8 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 hurt conj 9 harm harm NOUN Number=Sing 8 do obj 10 on on ADP _ 11 purpose case 11 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 8 do obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Malicious vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 want gerund vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 hurt not said to happen to-infinitive someone vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient 4 do infinitive harm purpose vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A malicious act, word or rumour is one meant to harm or upset someone.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj punct appos cc conj cop acl mark xcomp cc conj obj punct root A DET malicious ADJ act NOUN , PUNCT word NOUN or CCONJ rumour NOUN is AUX one NUM meant VERB to PART harm VERB or CCONJ upset VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 act det 2 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 3 act amod 3 act act NOUN Number=Sing 9 one nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 word punct 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing 3 act appos 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 rumour cc 7 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 3 act conj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 one cop 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 10 meant mean VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 one acl 11 to to PART _ 12 harm mark 12 harm harm VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 meant xcomp 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 upset cc 14 upset upset VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 harm conj 15 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 upset obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a malicious act or rumour one tree rules 2 mean participle vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 harm not said to happen to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 upset infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer
Meaning 3 Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.
Malicious software or a malicious link is made to damage a computer or steal information.
The tree, 15 words compound nsubj:pass cc det amod conj aux:pass mark xcomp det obj cc conj obj punct root Malicious PROPN software NOUN or CCONJ a DET malicious ADJ link NOUN is AUX made VERB to PART damage VERB a DET computer NOUN or CCONJ steal VERB information NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Malicious Malicious PROPN Number=Sing 2 software compound 2 software software NOUN Number=Sing 8 made nsubj:pass 3 or or CCONJ _ 6 link cc 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 link det 5 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 link amod 6 link link NOUN Number=Sing 2 software conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 made aux:pass 8 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 to to PART _ 10 damage mark 10 damage damage VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 made xcomp 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 computer det 12 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 10 damage obj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 steal cc 14 steal steal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 made conj 15 information information NOUN Number=Sing 14 steal obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Malicious software or a malicious link tree rules 2 damage to-infinitive Malicious software or a malicious link not said here a computer vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent computer=Patient 3 steal present information vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location information=Theme
Example 1 The witch gave a malicious smile and locked the door.
det nsubj det amod obj cc conj det obj punct root The DET witch NOUN gave VERB a DET malicious ADJ smile NOUN and CCONJ locked VERB the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 witch det 2 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 smile det 5 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 smile amod 6 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 locked cc 8 locked lock VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 gave conj 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 door det 10 door door NOUN Number=Sing 8 locked obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the witch a malicious smile vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Theme 2 lock past the witch not said here the door vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient
Example 2 Someone spread a malicious rumour that Tom had cheated.
nsubj det amod obj mark nsubj:pass aux acl punct root Someone PRON spread VERB a DET malicious ADJ rumour NOUN that SCONJ Tom PROPN had AUX cheated VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 spread nsubj 2 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 rumour det 4 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 rumour amod 5 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 2 spread obj 6 that that SCONJ _ 9 cheated mark 7 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 9 cheated nsubj:pass 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 cheated aux 9 cheated cheat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 rumour acl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread past Someone a malicious rumour vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rumour=Theme 2 cheat past · perfect · passive a malicious rumour not said here Tom vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Source
Example 3 Don't open emails from strangers; they may contain malicious links.
aux advmod obj case obl punct nsubj aux advcl amod obj punct root Do AUX n't PART open VERB emails NOUN from ADP strangers NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON may AUX contain VERB malicious ADJ links NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 open aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 open advmod 3 open open VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 emails email NOUN Number=Plur 3 open obj 5 from from ADP _ 6 strangers case 6 strangers stranger NOUN Number=Plur 3 open obl 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 contain punct 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 contain nsubj 9 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 contain aux 10 contain contain VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 open advcl 11 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 12 links amod 12 links link NOUN Number=Plur 10 contain obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 open punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not open imperative · do-support you not said here emails strangers vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location email=Theme 2 contain may emails = email malicious links vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot link=Theme
Example 4 The website was attacked by malicious software.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root The DET website NOUN was AUX attacked VERB by ADP malicious ADJ software NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 website det 2 website website NOUN Number=Sing 4 attacked nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 attacked aux:pass 4 attacked attack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 software case 6 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 7 software amod 7 software software NOUN Number=Sing 4 attacked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 attacked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attack past · passive malicious software the website vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
Example 5 It was an accident, not a malicious act.
nsubj cop det punct advmod det amod appos punct root It PRON was AUX an DET accident NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET malicious ADJ act NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 accident nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 accident cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 accident det 4 accident accident NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 act punct 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 act advmod 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 act det 8 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 9 act amod 9 act act NOUN Number=Sing 4 accident appos 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 accident punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a accident tree rules
Example 6 (formal) The court found that the damage to the car was malicious.
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj punct det nsubj mark det nsubj case det nmod cop ccomp punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT The DET court NOUN found VERB that SCONJ the DET damage NOUN to ADP the DET car NOUN was AUX malicious ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 6 found nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 court det 5 court court NOUN Number=Sing 6 found nsubj 6 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 that that SCONJ _ 14 malicious mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 damage det 9 damage damage NOUN Number=Sing 14 malicious nsubj 10 to to ADP _ 12 car case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 car det 12 car car NOUN Number=Sing 9 damage nmod 13 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 malicious cop 14 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 found ccomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past formal vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 2 is past the damage to the car malicious property tree rules
Example 7 Her malicious comments made the new girl cry.
nmod:poss amod nsubj det amod compound obj punct root Her PRON malicious ADJ comments NOUN made VERB the DET new ADJ girl NOUN cry NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 comments nmod:poss 2 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 3 comments amod 3 comments comment NOUN Number=Plur 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cry det 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cry amod 7 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 8 cry compound 8 cry cry NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Her malicious comments the new girl cry vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cry=Product 2 comment Her = she nom comment «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Their only neighbor was a bad and malicious badger.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop det amod cc conj punct root Their PRON only ADJ neighbor NOUN was AUX a DET bad ADJ and CCONJ malicious ADJ badger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 neighbor nmod:poss 2 only only ADJ Degree=Pos 3 neighbor amod 3 neighbor neighbor NOUN Number=Sing 9 badger nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 badger cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 badger det 6 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 badger amod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 malicious cc 8 malicious malicious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bad conj 9 badger badger NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 badger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Their only neighbor a bad badger tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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