marsh Who acts: marsh, that, Herons, salt marsh, We, Reeds · What happens: be, hunt, flood, walk, grow, not stray off · To what, where: low flat land, marsh, high tide, path, coast
«marsh» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: marsh in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A marsh is low, flat land that is wet and soft most of the time, often with tall grasses and reeds.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop amod punct amod nsubj cop parataxis cc conj obl case det nmod punct advmod case amod parataxis cc conj punct root A DET marsh NOUN is AUX low ADJ , PUNCT flat ADJ land NOUN that PRON is AUX wet ADJ and CCONJ soft ADJ most ADJ of ADP the DET time NOUN , PUNCT often ADV with ADP tall ADJ grasses NOUN and CCONJ reeds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 marsh det 2 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 7 land nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 land cop 4 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 7 land amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 land punct 6 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 7 land amod 7 land land NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 wet nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 wet cop 10 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 7 land parataxis 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 soft cc 12 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 10 wet conj 13 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 10 wet obl 14 of of ADP _ 16 time case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 time det 16 time time NOUN Number=Sing 13 most nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 grasses punct 18 often often ADV _ 21 grasses advmod 19 with with ADP _ 21 grasses case 20 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 21 grasses amod 21 grasses grass NOUN Number=Plur 7 land parataxis 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 reeds cc 23 reeds reed NOUN Number=Plur 21 grasses conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 7 land punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a marsh low flat land tree rules 2 is present that most of the time obl ; wet property tree rules 3 be that not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A kind of wetland home to birds, frogs and insects.
det nsubj case nmod advmod case punct conj cc conj punct root A DET kind NOUN of ADP wetland NOUN home ADV to ADP birds NOUN , PUNCT frogs NOUN and CCONJ insects NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kind det 2 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 7 birds nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 wetland case 4 wetland wetland NOUN Number=Sing 2 kind nmod 5 home home ADV _ 7 birds advmod 6 to to ADP _ 7 birds case 7 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 frogs punct 9 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 7 birds conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 insects cc 11 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 7 birds conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 birds punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 Herons hunt for frogs in the marsh.
nsubj case obl case det obl punct root Herons NOUN hunt VERB for ADP frogs NOUN in ADP the DET marsh NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Herons heron NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt nsubj 2 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 4 frogs case 4 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt obl 5 in in ADP _ 7 marsh case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 marsh det 7 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 2 hunt obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present Herons the marsh for frogs vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for frog=Theme in marsh=Location
Example 2 The salt marsh floods at high tide.
det compound nsubj case amod obl punct root The DET salt NOUN marsh NOUN floods VERB at ADP high ADJ tide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 marsh det 2 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 3 marsh compound 3 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 4 floods nsubj 4 floods flood VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 at at ADP _ 7 tide case 6 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tide amod 7 tide tide NOUN Number=Sing 4 floods obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 floods punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flood present the salt marsh high tide vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 We walked along the boardwalk across the marsh.
nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root We PRON walked VERB along ADP the DET boardwalk NOUN across ADP the DET marsh NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 along along ADP _ 5 boardwalk case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 boardwalk det 5 boardwalk boardwalk NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 6 across across ADP _ 8 marsh case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 marsh det 8 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We the marsh along the boardwalk vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along boardwalk=Trajectory
Example 4 Reeds grow tall in the marsh.
nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root Reeds NOUN grow VERB tall ADJ in ADP the DET marsh NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reeds reed NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 2 grow xcomp 4 in in ADP _ 6 marsh case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 marsh det 6 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 2 grow obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Reeds the marsh tall property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in marsh=Location
Example 5 Don't stray off the path in the marsh — it's boggy.
aux advmod compound:prt det obj case det nmod punct nsubj cop conj punct root Do AUX n't PART stray VERB off ADP the DET path NOUN in ADP the DET marsh NOUN — PUNCT it PRON 's AUX boggy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 stray aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 stray advmod 3 stray stray VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 off off ADP _ 3 stray compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 path det 6 path path NOUN Number=Sing 3 stray obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 marsh case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 marsh det 9 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 6 path nmod 10 — - PUNCT _ 13 boggy punct 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 boggy nsubj 12 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 boggy cop 13 boggy boggy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 stray conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 stray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not stray off imperative · do-support you not said here the path the marsh vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location path=Theme 2 is present path boggy property tree rules
Example 6 Marshes help protect the coast from floods.
nsubj xcomp det obj case obl punct root Marshes NOUN help VERB protect VERB the DET coast NOUN from ADP floods NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Marshes marsh NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 help xcomp 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 coast det 5 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 3 protect obj 6 from from ADP _ 7 floods case 7 floods flood NOUN Number=Plur 3 protect obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Marshes vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 protect infinitive Marshes not said here the coast from floods vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent coast=Beneficiary from flood=Theme
Example 7 Then some frogs began to croak in the marsh.
advmod det nsubj mark xcomp case det obl punct root Then ADV some DET frogs NOUN began VERB to PART croak VERB in ADP the DET marsh NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 began advmod 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 frogs det 3 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 4 began nsubj 4 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 croak mark 6 croak croak VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 began xcomp 7 in in ADP _ 9 marsh case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 marsh det 9 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 6 croak obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past some frogs then vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 croak to-infinitive some frogs not said here the marsh vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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