masticate Who acts: Digestion, you, cow, Molars, doctor, Cows · What happens: masticate, be, break, swallow, crush, knead · To what, where: food, small pieces, rubber, field, grass, you · Speech: someone speaks here
«masticate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: masticate in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal, science — kept apart, not parsed.
To masticate is to chew food so it is broken into small pieces before swallowing.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj cop mark obj mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case amod obl mark advcl punct root To PART masticate VERB is AUX to PART chew VERB food NOUN so SCONJ it PRON is AUX broken VERB into ADP small ADJ pieces NOUN before SCONJ swallowing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 masticate mark 2 masticate masticate VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 chew csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 chew cop 4 to to PART _ 5 chew mark 5 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 chew obj 7 so so SCONJ _ 10 broken mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 broken nsubj:pass 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 broken aux:pass 10 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 chew advcl 11 into into ADP _ 13 pieces case 12 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 13 pieces amod 13 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 10 broken obl 14 before before SCONJ _ 15 swallowing mark 15 swallowing swallow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 broken advcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 chew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 masticate to-infinitive vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present chew property tree rules 3 break present · passive food into small pieces result vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into piece=Result 4 swallow gerund vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: technical — kept apart, not parsed.
To masticate rubber is to soften it by crushing and kneading it.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj mark advcl cc conj obj punct root To PART masticate VERB rubber NOUN is AUX to PART soften VERB it PRON by SCONJ crushing VERB and CCONJ kneading VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 masticate mark 2 masticate masticate VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 soften advcl 3 rubber rubber NOUN Number=Sing 2 masticate obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 soften cop 5 to to PART _ 6 soften mark 6 soften soften VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 soften obj 8 by by SCONJ _ 9 crushing mark 9 crushing crush VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 soften advcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 kneading cc 11 kneading knead VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 crushing conj 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 kneading obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 soften punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 masticate to-infinitive rubber vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubber=Patient 2 is present soften property tree rules 3 crush gerund vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 4 knead gerund rubber vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent it=Material
Example 1 Digestion starts when you masticate your food.
nsubj advmod nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Digestion NOUN starts VERB when ADV you PRON masticate VERB your PRON food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Digestion digestion NOUN Number=Sing 2 starts nsubj 2 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 masticate advmod 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 masticate nsubj 5 masticate masticate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 starts advcl 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 food nmod:poss 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 masticate obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 starts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present Digestion vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 masticate present you your food vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient
Example 2 The cow lay in the field slowly masticating grass.
det nsubj case det obl advmod advcl obj punct root The DET cow NOUN lay VERB in ADP the DET field NOUN slowly ADV masticating VERB grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cow det 2 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 3 lay nsubj 3 lay lie VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 field case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 field det 6 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 lay obl 7 slowly slowly ADV _ 3 lay advmod 8 masticating masticate VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 lay advcl 9 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 8 masticating obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 lay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie past the cow the field slowly property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in field=Location 2 masticate gerund the cow not said here grass vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 3 Molars help you masticate tough food.
nsubj obj xcomp amod obj punct root Molars NOUN help VERB you PRON masticate VERB tough ADJ food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Molars molar NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 help obj 4 masticate masticate VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 help xcomp 5 tough tough ADJ Degree=Pos 6 food amod 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 masticate obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Molars you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 masticate infinitive you not said here tough food vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient
Example 4 «Masticate thoroughly,» the doctor said, meaning «chew well».
The tree, 8 words punct ccomp advmod punct punct det nsubj punct advcl punct ccomp advmod punct punct root « PUNCT Masticate VERB thoroughly ADV , PUNCT » PUNCT the DET doctor NOUN said VERB , PUNCT meaning VERB « PUNCT chew VERB well ADV » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Masticate punct 2 Masticate masticate VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 said ccomp 3 thoroughly thoroughly ADV _ 2 Masticate advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 2 Masticate punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Masticate punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 doctor det 7 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 8 said nsubj 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 meaning punct 10 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 said advcl 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 chew punct 12 chew chew VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 meaning ccomp 13 well well ADV Degree=Pos 12 chew advmod 14 » » PUNCT _ 12 chew punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 masticate in a quote infinitive thoroughly property vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert past the doctor vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 mean gerund the doctor not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 chew in a quote infinitive well property vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Cows masticate their food twice by chewing the cud.
nsubj nmod:poss obj advmod mark advcl det obj punct root Cows NOUN masticate VERB their PRON food NOUN twice ADV by SCONJ chewing VERB the DET cud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 2 masticate nsubj 2 masticate masticate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 food nmod:poss 4 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 masticate obj 5 twice twice ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 2 masticate advmod 6 by by SCONJ _ 7 chewing mark 7 chewing chew VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 masticate advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cud det 9 cud cud NOUN Number=Sing 7 chewing obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 masticate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 masticate present Cows Cows's food twice property vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient 2 chew gerund Cows not said here the cud vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient
Example 6 Mastication mixes food with saliva.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Mastication NOUN mixes VERB food NOUN with ADP saliva NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mastication mastication NOUN Number=Sing 2 mixes nsubj 2 mixes mix VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 mixes obj 4 with with ADP _ 5 saliva case 5 saliva saliva NOUN Number=Sing 2 mixes obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 mixes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mix present Mastication food with saliva vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent food=Patient with saliva=Co-Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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