mastication Who acts: process, Digestion, Mastication, Molars, teeth, Saliva · What happens: chew, crush, swallow, digest, start, break · To what, where: crushing food, food, mouth, small pieces, teeth, mastication
«mastication» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: mastication in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal, science — kept apart, not parsed.
Chewing: crushing food with the teeth so it can be swallowed and digested.
The tree, 13 words punct amod obj case det nmod mark nsubj:pass aux aux:pass advcl cc conj punct root Chewing VERB : PUNCT crushing VERB food NOUN with ADP the DET teeth NOUN so SCONJ it PRON can AUX be AUX swallowed VERB and CCONJ digested VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chewing chew VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 food punct 3 crushing crush VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 food amod 4 food food NOUN Number=Sing 1 Chewing obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 teeth case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 teeth det 7 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 4 food nmod 8 so so SCONJ _ 12 swallowed mark 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 swallowed nsubj:pass 10 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 swallowed aux 11 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 12 swallowed aux:pass 12 swallowed swallow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Chewing advcl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 digested cc 14 digested digest VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 swallowed conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Chewing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew gerund crushing food with the teeth vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient 2 crush gerund vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 swallow can · passive food vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 4 digest participle tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The process of chewing as the first stage of digestion.
det mark acl case det amod obl case nmod punct root The DET process NOUN of SCONJ chewing VERB as ADP the DET first ADJ stage NOUN of ADP digestion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 process det 2 process process NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of SCONJ _ 4 chewing mark 4 chewing chew VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 process acl 5 as as ADP _ 8 stage case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 stage det 7 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 stage amod 8 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing 4 chewing obl 9 of of ADP _ 10 digestion case 10 digestion digestion NOUN Number=Sing 8 stage nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 process punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chew gerund the process not said here as the first stage of digestion vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Digestion starts with mastication in the mouth.
nsubj case obl case det obl punct root Digestion NOUN starts VERB with ADP mastication NOUN in ADP the DET mouth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Digestion digestion NOUN Number=Sing 2 starts nsubj 2 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 mastication case 4 mastication mastication NOUN Number=Sing 2 starts obl 5 in in ADP _ 7 mouth case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 mouth det 7 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 2 starts obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 starts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present Digestion the mouth with mastication vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with mastication=Subeventuality
Example 2 Mastication breaks food into small pieces.
nsubj obj case amod obl punct root Mastication NOUN breaks VERB food NOUN into ADP small ADJ pieces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mastication mastication NOUN Number=Sing 2 breaks nsubj 2 breaks break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 breaks obj 4 into into ADP _ 6 pieces case 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pieces amod 6 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 2 breaks obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 breaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present Mastication food into small pieces result vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent food=Patient into piece=Result
Example 3 Molars are the teeth used most for mastication.
nsubj cop det nsubj advmod case obl punct root Molars NOUN are AUX the DET teeth NOUN used VERB most ADV for ADP mastication NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Molars molar NOUN Number=Plur 4 teeth nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 teeth cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 teeth det 4 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 5 used nsubj 5 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 most most ADV Degree=Sup 5 used advmod 7 for for ADP _ 8 mastication case 8 mastication mastication NOUN Number=Sing 5 used obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Molars the teeth tree rules 2 use past the teeth for mastication vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Saliva mixes with the food during mastication.
nsubj case det obl case obl punct root Saliva NOUN mixes VERB with ADP the DET food NOUN during ADP mastication NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saliva saliva NOUN Number=Sing 2 mixes nsubj 2 mixes mix VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 food case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 food det 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 mixes obl 6 during during ADP _ 7 mastication case 7 mastication mastication NOUN Number=Sing 2 mixes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 mixes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mix present Saliva during mastication with the food vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with food=Co-Patient
Example 5 Cows spend hours on mastication of grass.
nsubj obj case obl case nmod punct root Cows NOUN spend VERB hours NOUN on ADP mastication NOUN of ADP grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 2 spend nsubj 2 spend spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 2 spend obj 4 on on ADP _ 5 mastication case 5 mastication mastication NOUN Number=Sing 2 spend obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 grass case 7 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 5 mastication nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 spend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend present Cows hour on mastication of grass goal vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent on mastication=Goal 2 masticate grass nom mastication «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 Good mastication helps the stomach do its job.
amod nsubj det obj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root Good ADJ mastication NOUN helps VERB the DET stomach NOUN do AUX its PRON job NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 2 mastication amod 2 mastication mastication NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps nsubj 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stomach det 5 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps obj 6 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 helps xcomp 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 job nmod:poss 8 job job NOUN Number=Sing 6 do obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Good mastication the stomach vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stomach=Beneficiary 2 job mastication nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The jaw muscles control mastication.
det compound nsubj obj punct root The DET jaw NOUN muscles NOUN control VERB mastication NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 muscles det 2 jaw jaw NOUN Number=Sing 3 muscles compound 3 muscles muscle NOUN Number=Plur 4 control nsubj 4 control control VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 mastication mastication NOUN Number=Sing 4 control obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 control punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 control present the jaw muscles mastication vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mastication=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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