mathematics Who acts: logic, school subject, calculations, Mathematics, We, us · What happens: connect, study, teach, reason, be, mathematics · To what, where: measurements, numbers, this, favourite subject, us, patterns
«mathematics» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: mathematics in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The study of numbers, quantities, shapes, patterns and measurements, and the logic connecting them.
The tree, 14 words det case nmod punct conj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct cc det conj acl obj punct root The DET study NOUN of ADP numbers NOUN , PUNCT quantities NOUN , PUNCT shapes NOUN , PUNCT patterns NOUN and CCONJ measurements NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET logic NOUN connecting VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 study det 2 study study NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 numbers case 4 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 2 study nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 quantities punct 6 quantities quantity NOUN Number=Plur 4 numbers conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 shapes punct 8 shapes shape NOUN Number=Plur 4 numbers conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 patterns punct 10 patterns pattern NOUN Number=Plur 4 numbers conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 measurements cc 12 measurements measurement NOUN Number=Plur 4 numbers conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 logic punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 logic cc 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 logic det 16 logic logic NOUN Number=Sing 2 study conj 17 connecting connect VERB VerbForm=Ger 16 logic acl 18 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 connecting obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 connect gerund the logic not said here measurements = measurement vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient 2 study numbers and quantities and shapes and patterns and measurements nom study «act transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The school subject that teaches this.
det compound nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root The DET school NOUN subject NOUN that PRON teaches VERB this PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 subject det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 subject compound 3 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 teaches nsubj 5 teaches teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 subject acl:relcl 6 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 teaches obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 subject punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other present the school subject this vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient
Meaning 3 The calculations or reasoning involved in something, as in «the mathematics of the problem».
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cc xcomp case obl punct case case punct det obl case det nmod punct punct root The DET calculations NOUN or CCONJ reasoning VERB involved ADJ in ADP something PRON , PUNCT as ADP in ADP « PUNCT the DET mathematics NOUN of ADP the DET problem NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 calculations det 2 calculations calculation NOUN Number=Plur 4 reasoning nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 reasoning cc 4 reasoning reason VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 involved involved ADJ Degree=Pos 4 reasoning xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 involved obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 mathematics punct 9 as as ADP _ 13 mathematics case 10 in in ADP _ 13 mathematics case 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 mathematics punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 mathematics det 13 mathematics mathematics NOUN Number=Sing 4 reasoning obl 14 of of ADP _ 16 problem case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 problem det 16 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 13 mathematics nmod 17 » » PUNCT _ 13 mathematics punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 reasoning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reason gerund the calculations as the mathematics of the problem; involved property vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Mathematics is my favourite subject.
nsubj cop nmod:poss amod punct root Mathematics NOUN is AUX my PRON favourite ADJ subject NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mathematics mathematics NOUN Number=Sing 5 subject nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 subject cop 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 subject nmod:poss 4 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 5 subject amod 5 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 subject punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Mathematics my favourite subject tree rules
Example 2 We have mathematics every morning.
nsubj aux det obl:unmarked punct root We PRON have AUX mathematics VERB every DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 mathematics nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 mathematics aux 3 mathematics mathematics VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 5 morning det 5 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 3 mathematics obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 mathematics punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mathematics present · perfect We morning tree rules
Example 3 Mathematics helps us understand patterns in nature.
nsubj obj xcomp obj case obl punct root Mathematics NOUN helps VERB us PRON understand VERB patterns NOUN in ADP nature NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mathematics mathematics NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 helps obj 4 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helps xcomp 5 patterns pattern NOUN Number=Plur 4 understand obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 nature case 7 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 4 understand obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Mathematics us vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 understand infinitive us not said here patterns nature vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer pattern=Stimulus
Example 4 My sister wants to study mathematics at university.
nmod:poss nsubj mark xcomp obj case obl punct root My PRON sister NOUN wants VERB to PART study VERB mathematics NOUN at ADP university NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sister nmod:poss 2 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 3 wants nsubj 3 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 study mark 5 study study VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 wants xcomp 6 mathematics mathematics NOUN Number=Sing 5 study obj 7 at at ADP _ 8 university case 8 university university NOUN Number=Sing 5 study obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present My sister vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 study not said to happen to-infinitive My sister not said here mathematics university vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mathematics=Topic
Example 5 The mathematics behind the game is quite simple.
det nsubj case det nmod cop advmod punct root The DET mathematics NOUN behind ADP the DET game NOUN is AUX quite ADV simple ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 mathematics det 2 mathematics mathematics NOUN Number=Sing 8 simple nsubj 3 behind behind ADP _ 5 game case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 game det 5 game game NOUN Number=Sing 2 mathematics nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 simple cop 7 quite quite ADV _ 8 simple advmod 8 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 simple punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the mathematics behind the game simple property tree rules
Example 6 Builders use mathematics to measure and plan.
nsubj obj mark advcl cc conj punct root Builders NOUN use VERB mathematics NOUN to PART measure VERB and CCONJ plan VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Builders builder NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 mathematics mathematics NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 measure mark 5 measure measure VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 plan cc 7 plan plan VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 measure conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Builders mathematics vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mathematics=Patient 2 measure to-infinitive Builders not said here vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme 3 plan infinitive Builders not said here vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Mathematics is the same in every language: 3 × 4 is always 12.
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop det case det obl punct nsubj case nmod cop advmod parataxis punct root Mathematics NOUN is AUX the DET same ADJ in ADP every DET language NOUN : PUNCT 3 NUM × SYM 4 NUM is AUX always ADV 12 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mathematics mathematics NOUN Number=Sing 4 same nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 same cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 same det 4 same same ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 language case 6 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 language det 7 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 same obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 9 3 punct 9 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 12 nsubj 10 × × SYM _ 11 4 case 11 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 3 nmod 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 12 cop 13 always always ADV PronType=Tot 14 12 advmod 14 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 same parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 same punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Mathematics every language same property tree rules 2 is a present 3 × 4 12 always property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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