meaning Who acts: meaning, ing form, I, words, red light, We · What happens: be, stand for, express, mean, call, plan · To what, where: word, purpose, something, life, poem, ing form · Speech: someone speaks here
«meaning» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: meaning in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The meaning of a word or sign is what it stands for or expresses.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case det nmod cc conj cop nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt cc conj punct root The DET meaning NOUN of ADP a DET word NOUN or CCONJ sign NOUN is AUX what PRON it PRON stands VERB for ADP or CCONJ expresses VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 meaning det 2 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 9 what nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 word case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 word det 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing 2 meaning nmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 sign cc 7 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 5 word conj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 what cop 9 what what PRON PronType=Int root root 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 stands nsubj 11 stands stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 what acl:relcl 12 for for ADP _ 11 stands compound:prt 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 expresses cc 14 expresses express VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 stands conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 what punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the meaning of a word or sign tree rules 2 stand for present meaning vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 express present meaning not said here vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 mean a word or sign nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The meaning of something is its purpose or importance: the meaning of life, a life full of meaning.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj case nmod cop nmod:poss cc conj punct det conj case nmod punct det conj amod case obl punct root The DET meaning NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX its PRON purpose NOUN or CCONJ importance NOUN : PUNCT the DET meaning NOUN of ADP life NOUN , PUNCT a DET life NOUN full ADJ of ADP meaning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 meaning det 2 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 7 purpose nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 meaning nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 purpose cop 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 purpose nmod:poss 7 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 importance cc 9 importance importance NOUN Number=Sing 7 purpose conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 meaning punct 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 meaning det 12 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 7 purpose conj 13 of of ADP _ 14 life case 14 life life NOUN Number=Sing 12 meaning nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 life punct 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 life det 17 life life NOUN Number=Sing 12 meaning conj 18 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 17 life amod 19 of of ADP _ 20 meaning case 20 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 18 full obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 7 purpose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the meaning of something meaning's purpose or importance and the meaning of life and a life tree rules 2 mean something nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient 3 mean life nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 The hidden message or idea behind something: the meaning of a poem or a dream.
The tree, 15 words det amod cc conj case nmod punct det appos case det nmod cc det conj punct root The DET hidden ADJ message NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN behind ADP something PRON : PUNCT the DET meaning NOUN of ADP a DET poem NOUN or CCONJ a DET dream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 message det 2 hidden hidden ADJ Degree=Pos 3 message amod 3 message message NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 idea cc 5 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 3 message conj 6 behind behind ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 message nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 meaning punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 meaning det 10 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 7 something appos 11 of of ADP _ 13 poem case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 poem det 13 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 10 meaning nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 dream cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 dream det 16 dream dream NOUN Number=Sing 13 poem conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 message punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean a poem or a dream nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 4 «Meaning» is also the -ing form of «mean».
punct nsubj punct cop advmod det punct compound mark punct acl punct punct root « PUNCT Meaning NOUN » PUNCT is AUX also ADV the DET - PUNCT ing NOUN form NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT mean VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Meaning punct 2 Meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 9 form nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Meaning punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 form cop 5 also also ADV _ 9 form advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 form det 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 the punct 8 ing ing NOUN Number=Sing 9 form compound 9 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 of of SCONJ _ 12 mean mark 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 mean punct 12 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 form acl 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 mean punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Meaning the ing form tree rules 2 mean in a quote infinitive the ing form not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I've been meaning to call you (planning to).
nsubj aux aux mark xcomp obj punct ccomp fixed punct punct root I PRON 've AUX been AUX meaning VERB to PART call VERB you PRON ( PUNCT planning VERB to ADP ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 meaning nsubj 2 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 meaning aux 3 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 meaning aux 4 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 to to PART _ 6 call mark 6 call call VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 meaning xcomp 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 call obj 8 ( ( PUNCT _ 9 planning punct 9 planning plan VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 meaning ccomp 10 to to ADP _ 9 planning fixed 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 9 planning punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 meaning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present · perfect · progressive I vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 call not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here you vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient 3 plan gerund vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 1 What is the meaning of «enormous»?
cop det nsubj case punct nmod punct punct root What PRON is AUX the DET meaning NOUN of ADP « PUNCT enormous ADJ » PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 meaning det 4 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 1 What nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 7 enormous case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 enormous punct 7 enormous enormous ADJ Degree=Pos 4 meaning nmod 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 enormous punct 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the meaning of enormous tree rules
Example 2 Some words have more than one meaning.
det nsubj advmod fixed nummod obj punct root Some DET words NOUN have VERB more ADJ than ADP one NUM meaning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 words det 2 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV 6 one advmod 5 than than ADP _ 4 more fixed 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 meaning nummod 7 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present some words one meaning vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient
Example 3 The red light has a clear meaning: stop!
det amod nsubj det amod obj punct parataxis punct root The DET red ADJ light NOUN has VERB a DET clear ADJ meaning NOUN : PUNCT stop VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 light det 2 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 3 light amod 3 light light NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 meaning det 6 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 7 meaning amod 7 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 9 stop punct 9 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 has parataxis 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the red light a clear meaning vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient 2 stop infinitive vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 4 We discussed the meaning of the poem.
nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root We PRON discussed VERB the DET meaning NOUN of ADP the DET poem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 discussed nsubj 2 discussed discuss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 meaning det 4 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 2 discussed obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 poem case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 poem det 7 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 4 meaning nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 discussed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 discuss speech: other past We the meaning of the poem vn chit_chat-37.6-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic 2 mean the poem nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 Helping others gives her life meaning.
csubj obj nmod:poss compound obj punct root Helping VERB others NOUN gives VERB her PRON life NOUN meaning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Helping help VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 gives csubj 2 others other NOUN Number=Plur 1 Helping obj 3 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 meaning nmod:poss 5 life life NOUN Number=Sing 6 meaning compound 6 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 3 gives obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help gerund others vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Beneficiary 2 give present Helping her life meaning vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme 3 mean her = she nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Jesus told parables with a deeper meaning.
nsubj iobj case det amod obl punct root Jesus PROPN told VERB parables NOUN with ADP a DET deeper ADJ meaning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 2 told nsubj 2 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 parables parable NOUN Number=Plur 2 told iobj 4 with with ADP _ 7 meaning case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 meaning det 6 deeper deep ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 meaning amod 7 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 2 told obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert past Jesus parables with a deeper meaning vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent parable=Recipient
Example 7 I've been meaning to tidy my room all week.
nsubj aux aux mark xcomp nmod:poss obj det obl:unmarked punct root I PRON 've AUX been AUX meaning VERB to PART tidy VERB my PRON room NOUN all DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 meaning nsubj 2 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 meaning aux 3 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 meaning aux 4 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 to to PART _ 6 tidy mark 6 tidy tidy VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 meaning xcomp 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 room nmod:poss 8 room room NOUN Number=Sing 6 tidy obj 9 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 week det 10 week week NOUN Number=Sing 6 tidy obl:unmarked 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 meaning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present · perfect · progressive I vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 tidy not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here my room week tree rules
Example 8 A shrug can have many meanings.
det nsubj aux amod obj punct root A DET shrug NOUN can AUX have VERB many ADJ meanings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shrug det 2 shrug shrug NOUN Number=Sing 4 have nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 have aux 4 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 meanings amod 6 meanings meaning NOUN Number=Plur 4 have obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have can a shrug many meanings vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient
Example 9 He understood the gypsy woman's meaning now.
nsubj det amod nmod:poss case obj advmod punct root He PRON understood VERB the DET gypsy ADJ woman NOUN 's PART meaning NOUN now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 understood nsubj 2 understood understand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 woman det 4 gypsy gypsy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 woman amod 5 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 7 meaning nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 woman case 7 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 2 understood obj 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 2 understood advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 understood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand past He the gypsy woman's meaning now vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer meaning=Stimulus 2 mean the gypsy woman nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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