memorandum Who acts: memorandum, short written message, you, head teacher, formal, Dad · What happens: write, be, send, tell, help, remember · To what, where: short written message, office, people, note, you, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«memorandum» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: memorandum in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
A memorandum is a short written message sent inside an office, school or company, telling people about something.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod amod acl case det obl punct conj cc conj punct acl obj case obl punct root A DET memorandum NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ written VERB message NOUN sent VERB inside ADP an DET office NOUN , PUNCT school NOUN or CCONJ company NOUN , PUNCT telling VERB people NOUN about ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 memorandum det 2 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 7 message nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 message cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 message det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 7 message amod 6 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 message amod 7 message message NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 message acl 9 inside inside ADP _ 11 office case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 office det 11 office office NOUN Number=Sing 8 sent obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 school punct 13 school school NOUN Number=Sing 11 office conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 company cc 15 company company NOUN Number=Sing 11 office conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 telling punct 17 telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 message acl 18 people people NOUN Number=Plur 17 telling obj 19 about about ADP _ 20 something case 20 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 17 telling obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 7 message punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present a memorandum a short written message tree rules 3 send participle a short written message not said here a office and school or company vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 tell speech: assert gerund a short written message not said here people about something vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent people=Recipient about something=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
A memorandum is a note to help you remember something.
det nsubj cop det mark appos obj xcomp obj punct root A DET memorandum NOUN is AUX a DET note NOUN to PART help VERB you PRON remember VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 memorandum det 2 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 5 note nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 note cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 note det 5 note note NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 help mark 7 help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 note appos 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 help obj 9 remember remember VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 help xcomp 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 remember obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 note punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a memorandum a note tree rules 2 help to-infinitive you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 remember infinitive you not said here something vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
A memorandum of understanding is a written agreement between two groups or countries.
det nsubj case nmod cop det amod case nummod nmod cc conj punct root A DET memorandum NOUN of ADP understanding NOUN is AUX a DET written VERB agreement NOUN between ADP two NUM groups NOUN or CCONJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 memorandum det 2 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 8 agreement nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 understanding case 4 understanding understanding NOUN Number=Sing 2 memorandum nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 agreement cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 agreement det 7 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 agreement amod 8 agreement agreement NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 between between ADP _ 11 groups case 10 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 groups nummod 11 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 8 agreement nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 countries cc 13 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 11 groups conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 agreement punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present a memorandum of understanding a written agreement between two groups or countries tree rules
Example 1 The head teacher sent a memorandum to all staff.
det compound nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET head NOUN teacher NOUN sent VERB a DET memorandum NOUN to ADP all DET staff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 2 head head NOUN Number=Sing 3 teacher compound 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent nsubj 4 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 memorandum det 6 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent obj 7 to to ADP _ 9 staff case 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 9 staff det 9 staff staff NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past the head teacher a memorandum all staff vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent memorandum=Theme to staff=Destination
Example 2 (formal) Please read the memorandum about the new rules.
punct nsubj punct discourse det obj case det amod nmod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT Please INTJ read VERB the DET memorandum NOUN about ADP the DET new ADJ rules NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 read nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 Please please INTJ _ 5 read discourse 5 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 memorandum det 7 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 5 read obj 8 about about ADP _ 11 rules case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 rules det 10 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 11 rules amod 11 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 7 memorandum nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read infinitive formal the memorandum about the new rules vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memorandum=Topic
Example 3 Dad got a memo at work about the holiday party.
nsubj det obj case nmod case det compound nmod punct root Dad NOUN got VERB a DET memo NOUN at ADP work NOUN about ADP the DET holiday NOUN party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 memo det 4 memo memo NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 work case 6 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 memo nmod 7 about about ADP _ 10 party case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 party det 9 holiday holiday NOUN Number=Sing 10 party compound 10 party party NOUN Number=Sing 6 work nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past Dad a memo work about the holiday party vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent memo=Theme at work=Asset
Example 4 The two countries signed a memorandum of understanding.
det nummod nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET two NUM countries NOUN signed VERB a DET memorandum NOUN of ADP understanding NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 countries det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 countries nummod 3 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 4 signed nsubj 4 signed sign VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 memorandum det 6 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 4 signed obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 understanding case 8 understanding understanding NOUN Number=Sing 6 memorandum nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 signed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sign past the two countries a memorandum of understanding vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent memorandum=Destination
Example 5 A memorandum should be short and clear.
det nsubj aux cop cc conj punct root A DET memorandum NOUN should AUX be AUX short ADJ and CCONJ clear ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 memorandum det 2 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 5 short nsubj 3 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 short aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 short cop 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 clear cc 7 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 short conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is should a memorandum short property tree rules 2 be a memorandum not said here tree rules
Example 6 Write a memorandum to remind the class about the trip.
det obj mark advcl det obj case det obl punct root Write VERB a DET memorandum NOUN to PART remind VERB the DET class NOUN about ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 memorandum det 3 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 4 to to PART _ 5 remind mark 5 remind remind VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Write advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 class det 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 5 remind obj 8 about about ADP _ 10 trip case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 trip det 10 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 5 remind obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here a memorandum vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memorandum=Theme 2 remind speech: other to-infinitive you not said here the class about the trip vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent class=Recipient
Example 7 The memo said «No parking near the gates».
det nsubj punct det obj case det nmod punct punct root The DET memo NOUN said VERB « PUNCT No DET parking NOUN near ADP the DET gates NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 memo det 2 memo memo NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 parking punct 5 No no DET PronType=Neg 6 parking det 6 parking parking NOUN Number=Sing 3 said obj 7 near near ADP _ 9 gates case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 gates det 9 gates gate NOUN Number=Plur 6 parking nmod 10 » » PUNCT _ 6 parking punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the memo no parking the gates vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent parking=Topic
Example 8 The secret memorandum was found in the archive.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET secret ADJ memorandum NOUN was AUX found VERB in ADP the DET archive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 memorandum det 2 secret secret ADJ Degree=Pos 3 memorandum amod 3 memorandum memorandum NOUN Number=Sing 5 found nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 found aux:pass 5 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 archive case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 archive det 8 archive archive NOUN Number=Sing 5 found obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past · passive the secret memorandum the archive vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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