messenger Who acts: person, app, substance, king, messenger, you · What happens: carry, send, ride, not shoot, tell, say · To what, where: message, another, text messages, signals, messenger, you · Speech: someone speaks here
«messenger» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: messenger in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A person who carries a message, letter or parcel from one person or place to another.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct appos cc conj case nummod obl cc conj case obl punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON carries VERB a DET message NOUN , PUNCT letter NOUN or CCONJ parcel NOUN from ADP one NUM person NOUN or CCONJ place NOUN to ADP another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 carries nsubj 4 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 message det 6 message message NOUN Number=Sing 4 carries obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 letter punct 8 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 6 message appos 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 parcel cc 10 parcel parcel NOUN Number=Sing 8 letter conj 11 from from ADP _ 13 person case 12 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 13 person nummod 13 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 carries obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 place cc 15 place place NOUN Number=Sing 13 person conj 16 to to ADP _ 17 another case 17 another another DET PronType=Ind 4 carries obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present a person a message another from one person or place vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme from person=Initial_Location to another=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An app or service for sending text messages.
det cc conj mark acl compound obj punct root An DET app NOUN or CCONJ service NOUN for SCONJ sending VERB text NOUN messages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 app det 2 app app NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 service cc 4 service service NOUN Number=Sing 2 app conj 5 for for SCONJ _ 6 sending mark 6 sending send VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 app acl 7 text text NOUN Number=Sing 8 messages compound 8 messages message NOUN Number=Plur 6 sending obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 app punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send gerund a app or service not said here text messages vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A substance in the body that carries signals, such as a hormone.
det case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj punct case fixed det conj punct root A DET substance NOUN in ADP the DET body NOUN that PRON carries VERB signals NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET hormone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 substance det 2 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 body case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 body det 5 body body NOUN Number=Sing 2 substance nmod 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 carries nsubj 7 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 substance acl:relcl 8 signals signal NOUN Number=Plur 7 carries obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 hormone punct 10 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 13 hormone case 11 as as ADP _ 10 such fixed 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 hormone det 13 hormone hormone NOUN Number=Sing 8 signals conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 substance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present a substance in the body signals and a hormone vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme
Example 1 The king sent a messenger with a letter.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET king NOUN sent VERB a DET messenger NOUN with ADP a DET letter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 king det 2 king king NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent nsubj 3 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 messenger det 5 messenger messenger NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 letter case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 letter det 8 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past the king a messenger with a letter vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme
Example 2 The messenger rode through the night.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET messenger NOUN rode VERB through ADP the DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 messenger det 2 messenger messenger NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 through through ADP _ 6 night case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the messenger night vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Don't shoot the messenger — I'm only telling you what Mum said!
The tree, 13 words aux advmod det obj punct nsubj aux advmod conj iobj obj nsubj ccomp punct root Do AUX n't PART shoot VERB the DET messenger NOUN — PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX only ADV telling VERB you PRON what PRON Mum PROPN said VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 shoot aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 shoot advmod 3 shoot shoot VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 messenger det 5 messenger messenger NOUN Number=Sing 3 shoot obj 6 — - PUNCT _ 10 telling punct 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 telling nsubj 8 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 telling aux 9 only only ADV _ 10 telling advmod 10 telling tell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 shoot conj 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 telling iobj 12 what what PRON PronType=Int 14 said obj 13 Mum Mum PROPN Number=Sing 14 said nsubj 14 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 telling ccomp 15 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 shoot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not shoot imperative · do-support you not said here the messenger vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme 2 tell speech: assert present · progressive I you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic 3 say speech: assert past Mum vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
Example 4 A bike messenger delivered the parcel.
det compound nsubj det obj punct root A DET bike NOUN messenger NOUN delivered VERB the DET parcel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 messenger det 2 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 messenger compound 3 messenger messenger NOUN Number=Sing 4 delivered nsubj 4 delivered deliver VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 parcel det 6 parcel parcel NOUN Number=Sing 4 delivered obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 delivered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 deliver past a bike messenger the parcel vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parcel=Patient
Example 5 I sent Gran a photo on the messenger app.
nsubj obj det obj case det compound obl punct root I PRON sent VERB Gran PROPN a DET photo NOUN on ADP the DET messenger NOUN app NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sent nsubj 2 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 2 sent obj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 photo det 5 photo photo NOUN Number=Sing 2 sent obj 6 on on ADP _ 9 app case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 app det 8 messenger messenger NOUN Number=Sing 9 app compound 9 app app NOUN Number=Sing 2 sent obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past I a photo Gran the messenger app vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent gran=Destination photo=Theme
Example 6 Hormones are chemical messengers in the body.
nsubj cop amod case det nmod punct root Hormones NOUN are AUX chemical ADJ messengers NOUN in ADP the DET body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hormones hormone NOUN Number=Plur 4 messengers nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 messengers cop 3 chemical chemical ADJ Degree=Pos 4 messengers amod 4 messengers messenger NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 body case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 body det 7 body body NOUN Number=Sing 4 messengers nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 messengers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Hormones chemical messengers the body tree rules
Example 7 The teacher made me the messenger to the office.
det nsubj obj det obj case det obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN made VERB me PRON the DET messenger NOUN to ADP the DET office NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 made obj 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 messenger det 6 messenger messenger NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 7 to to ADP _ 9 office case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 office det 9 office office NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the teacher the messenger me to the office vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset i=Beneficiary messenger=Product
Example 8 Pigeons were once used as messengers.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct root Pigeons NOUN were AUX once ADV used VERB as ADP messengers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pigeons pigeon NOUN Number=Plur 4 used nsubj:pass 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 used aux:pass 3 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 4 used advmod 4 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 as as ADP _ 6 messengers case 6 messengers messenger NOUN Number=Plur 4 used obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past · passive Pigeons as messengers; once property vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as messenger=Attribute
Example 9 This is a messenger from Heaven.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root This PRON is AUX a DET messenger NOUN from ADP Heaven PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 messenger nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 messenger cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 messenger det 4 messenger messenger NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 from from ADP _ 6 Heaven case 6 Heaven Heaven PROPN Number=Sing 4 messenger nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 messenger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present This a messenger Heaven tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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