microbe Who acts: microbe, microbes, most, many, us, you · What happens: be, see, cause, help, digest, make · To what, where: living thing, diseases, us, food, dead things, hands · Speech: someone speaks here
«microbe» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: microbe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A microbe is a living thing too small to see without a microscope, such as a bacterium, a virus or some fungi like yeast.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod advmod amod mark advcl case det obl punct case fixed det conj punct det conj cc det conj case nmod punct root A DET microbe NOUN is AUX a DET living ADJ thing NOUN too ADV small ADJ to PART see VERB without ADP a DET microscope NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET bacterium NOUN , PUNCT a DET virus NOUN or CCONJ some DET fungi NOUN like ADP yeast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 microbe det 2 microbe microbe NOUN Number=Sing 6 thing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 thing cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 thing det 5 living living ADJ Degree=Pos 6 thing amod 6 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 too too ADV _ 8 small advmod 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 thing amod 9 to to PART _ 10 see mark 10 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 small advcl 11 without without ADP _ 13 microscope case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 microscope det 13 microscope microscope NOUN Number=Sing 10 see obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 bacterium punct 15 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 18 bacterium case 16 as as ADP _ 15 such fixed 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 bacterium det 18 bacterium bacterium NOUN Number=Sing 13 microscope conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 virus punct 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 virus det 21 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 13 microscope conj 22 or or CCONJ _ 24 fungi cc 23 some some DET PronType=Ind 24 fungi det 24 fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 13 microscope conj 25 like like ADP _ 26 yeast case 26 yeast yeast NOUN Number=Sing 24 fungi nmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 6 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a microbe a living thing tree rules 2 see to-infinitive a microbe not said here without a microscope and a bacterium and a virus or some fungi like yeast vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Some microbes cause diseases, but most are harmless and many are useful, helping us digest food, making bread rise and breaking down dead things.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj obj punct cc nsubj cop conj cc nsubj cop conj punct conj obj xcomp obj punct advcl compound xcomp cc conj compound:prt amod obj punct root Some DET microbes NOUN cause VERB diseases NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ most ADJ are AUX harmless ADJ and CCONJ many ADJ are AUX useful ADJ , PUNCT helping VERB us PRON digest VERB food NOUN , PUNCT making VERB bread NOUN rise VERB and CCONJ breaking VERB down ADP dead ADJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 microbes det 2 microbes microbe NOUN Number=Plur 3 cause nsubj 3 cause cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 diseases disease NOUN Number=Plur 3 cause obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 harmless punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 harmless cc 7 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 9 harmless nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 harmless cop 9 harmless harmless ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cause conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 13 useful cc 11 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 13 useful nsubj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 useful cop 13 useful useful ADJ Degree=Pos 9 harmless conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 helping punct 15 helping help VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 harmless conj 16 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 helping obj 17 digest digest VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 helping xcomp 18 food food NOUN Number=Sing 17 digest obj 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 making punct 20 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 17 digest advcl 21 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 22 rise compound 22 rise rise VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 making xcomp 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 breaking cc 24 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 20 making conj 25 down down ADP _ 24 breaking compound:prt 26 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 27 things amod 27 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 24 breaking obj 28 . . PUNCT _ 3 cause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present some microbes diseases vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient 2 is present most harmless property tree rules 3 is present many useful property tree rules 4 help gerund most not said here us vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme 5 digest infinitive us not said here food tree rules 6 make gerund us not said here tree rules 7 rise infinitive us not said here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 8 break down gerund us not said here dead things vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient
Example 1 Microbes are too small to see with your eyes.
nsubj cop advmod mark advcl case nmod:poss obl punct root Microbes NOUN are AUX too ADV small ADJ to PART see VERB with ADP your PRON eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Microbes microbe NOUN Number=Plur 4 small nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 small cop 3 too too ADV _ 4 small advmod 4 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 small advcl 7 with with ADP _ 9 eyes case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 eyes nmod:poss 9 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 6 see obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Microbes small property tree rules 2 see to-infinitive Microbes not said here with your eyes vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 2 Wash your hands to get rid of harmful microbes.
nmod:poss obj mark advcl xcomp case amod obl punct root Wash VERB your PRON hands NOUN to PART get VERB rid ADJ of ADP harmful ADJ microbes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wash wash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hands nmod:poss 3 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wash obj 4 to to PART _ 5 get mark 5 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Wash advcl 6 rid rid ADJ Degree=Pos 5 get xcomp 7 of of ADP _ 9 microbes case 8 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 9 microbes amod 9 microbes microbe NOUN Number=Plur 6 rid obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash imperative you not said here your hands vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient 2 get to-infinitive you not said here rid property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 Yeast is a microbe that makes bread rise.
nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl compound xcomp punct root Yeast NOUN is AUX a DET microbe NOUN that PRON makes VERB bread NOUN rise VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yeast yeast NOUN Number=Sing 4 microbe nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 microbe cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 microbe det 4 microbe microbe NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 makes nsubj 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 microbe acl:relcl 7 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 8 rise compound 8 rise rise VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 makes xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 microbe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Yeast a microbe tree rules 2 make present a microbe tree rules 3 rise infinitive a microbe not said here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Microbes in the soil break down dead leaves.
nsubj case det nmod compound:prt amod obj punct root Microbes NOUN in ADP the DET soil NOUN break VERB down ADP dead ADJ leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Microbes microbe NOUN Number=Plur 5 break nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 soil case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 soil det 4 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 1 Microbes nmod 5 break break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 down down ADP _ 5 break compound:prt 7 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 8 leaves amod 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 break obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 break punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break down present Microbes in the soil dead leaves vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
Example 5 Some microbes make us ill, but many help us.
det nsubj obj xcomp punct cc nsubj conj obj punct root Some DET microbes NOUN make VERB us PRON ill ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ many ADJ help VERB us PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 microbes det 2 microbes microbe NOUN Number=Plur 3 make nsubj 3 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 make obj 5 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 3 make xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 help punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 9 help cc 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 help nsubj 9 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 make conj 10 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 help obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present some microbes us ill property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset we=Product 2 help present many us vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary
Example 6 Your stomach is full of helpful microbes.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case amod obl punct root Your PRON stomach NOUN is AUX full ADJ of ADP helpful ADJ microbes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 stomach nmod:poss 2 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 4 full nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 full cop 4 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 microbes case 6 helpful helpful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 microbes amod 7 microbes microbe NOUN Number=Plur 4 full obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Your stomach of helpful microbes; full property tree rules
Example 7 Louis Pasteur showed that microbes spoil food.
nsubj flat mark nsubj ccomp obj punct root Louis PROPN Pasteur PROPN showed VERB that SCONJ microbes NOUN spoil VERB food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Louis Louis PROPN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 2 Pasteur Pasteur PROPN Number=Sing 1 Louis flat 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 6 spoil mark 5 microbes microbe NOUN Number=Plur 6 spoil nsubj 6 spoil spoil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 showed ccomp 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 6 spoil obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Louis vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 spoil present microbes food tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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