monarch Who acts: monarch, king, that, Henry, Monarch butterflies, We · What happens: be, rule, bear, travel, open, have · To what, where: king, rules, royal family, large butterfly, long distances, Parliament · Speech: someone speaks here
«monarch» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: monarch in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A monarch is a king or queen (or emperor or empress) who rules a country, usually because they were born into the royal family.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det cc conj punct cc appos cc conj punct nsubj conj det appos punct advmod mark nsubj:pass aux:pass conj case det amod obl punct root A DET monarch NOUN is AUX a DET king NOUN or CCONJ queen NOUN ( PUNCT or CCONJ emperor NOUN or CCONJ empress NOUN ) PUNCT who PRON rules NOUN a DET country NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV because SCONJ they PRON were AUX born VERB into ADP the DET royal ADJ family NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 monarch det 2 monarch monarch NOUN Number=Sing 5 king nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 king cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 king det 5 king king NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 queen cc 7 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 5 king conj 8 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 emperor punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 emperor cc 10 emperor emperor NOUN Number=Sing 7 queen appos 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 empress cc 12 empress empress NOUN Number=Sing 10 emperor conj 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 emperor punct 14 who who PRON PronType=Rel 15 rules nsubj 15 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 5 king conj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 country det 17 country country NOUN Number=Sing 15 rules appos 18 , , PUNCT _ 23 born punct 19 usually usually ADV _ 23 born advmod 20 because because SCONJ _ 23 born mark 21 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 born nsubj:pass 22 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 born aux:pass 23 born bear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 king conj 24 into into ADP _ 27 family case 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 family det 26 royal royal ADJ Degree=Pos 27 family amod 27 family family NOUN Number=Sing 23 born obl 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 king punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a monarch a king or queen and rules tree rules 2 rule a king or queen and rules tree rules 3 bear past · passive rules = rule the royal family usually property vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A monarch (butterfly) is a large orange-and-black butterfly of North America that travels very long distances.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj punct appos punct cop det amod conj punct cc punct conj case compound nmod nsubj parataxis advmod amod obj punct root A DET monarch NOUN ( PUNCT butterfly NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX a DET large ADJ orange ADJ - PUNCT and CCONJ - PUNCT black ADJ butterfly NOUN of ADP North PROPN America PROPN that PRON travels VERB very ADV long ADJ distances NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 monarch det 2 monarch monarch NOUN Number=Sing 14 butterfly nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 butterfly punct 4 butterfly butterfly NOUN Number=Sing 2 monarch appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 butterfly punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 butterfly cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 butterfly det 8 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 14 butterfly amod 9 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 8 large conj 10 - - PUNCT _ 9 orange punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 black cc 12 - - PUNCT _ 11 and punct 13 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 8 large conj 14 butterfly butterfly NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 of of ADP _ 17 America case 16 North North PROPN Number=Sing 17 America compound 17 America America PROPN Number=Sing 14 butterfly nmod 18 that that PRON PronType=Rel 19 travels nsubj 19 travels travel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 butterfly parataxis 20 very very ADV _ 21 long advmod 21 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 22 distances amod 22 distances distance NOUN Number=Plur 19 travels obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 14 butterfly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a monarch a large butterfly of North America tree rules 2 travel present that long distances vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme distance=Trajectory
Example 1 The monarch opened Parliament with a speech.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET monarch NOUN opened VERB Parliament PROPN with ADP a DET speech NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 monarch det 2 monarch monarch NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened nsubj 3 opened open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Parliament Parliament PROPN Number=Sing 3 opened obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 speech case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 speech det 7 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 opened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open past the monarch Parliament with a speech vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent parliament=Patient with speech=Instrument
Example 2 Henry the Eighth was a famous English monarch.
nsubj det appos cop det amod amod punct root Henry PROPN the DET Eighth PROPN was AUX a DET famous ADJ English ADJ monarch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Henry Henry PROPN Number=Sing 8 monarch nsubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Eighth det 3 Eighth Eighth PROPN Number=Sing 1 Henry appos 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 monarch cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 monarch det 6 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 8 monarch amod 7 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 8 monarch amod 8 monarch monarch NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 monarch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Henry a famous English monarch tree rules
Example 3 The country's monarch has little real power today.
det nmod:poss case nsubj amod amod obj nmod:unmarked punct root The DET country NOUN 's PART monarch NOUN has VERB little ADJ real ADJ power NOUN today NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 country det 2 country country NOUN Number=Sing 4 monarch nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 country case 4 monarch monarch NOUN Number=Sing 5 has nsubj 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 power amod 7 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 8 power amod 8 power power NOUN Number=Sing 5 has obj 9 today today NOUN Number=Sing 8 power nmod:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the country's monarch little real power today vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient
Example 4 Monarch butterflies fly thousands of kilometres.
compound nsubj obj case nmod punct root Monarch NOUN butterflies NOUN fly VERB thousands NOUN of ADP kilometres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Monarch monarch NOUN Number=Sing 2 butterflies compound 2 butterflies butterfly NOUN Number=Plur 3 fly nsubj 3 fly fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 3 fly obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 kilometres case 6 kilometres kilometre NOUN Number=Plur 4 thousands nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly present Monarch butterflies thousands of kilometres vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thousand=Theme
Example 5 A monarch usually inherits the throne.
det nsubj advmod det obj punct root A DET monarch NOUN usually ADV inherits VERB the DET throne NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 monarch det 2 monarch monarch NOUN Number=Sing 4 inherits nsubj 3 usually usually ADV _ 4 inherits advmod 4 inherits inherit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 throne det 6 throne throne NOUN Number=Sing 4 inherits obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 inherits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 inherit present a monarch the throne usually property vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent throne=Theme
Example 6 We made a timeline of all the monarchs we studied.
nsubj det obj case det:predet det nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct root We PRON made VERB a DET timeline NOUN of ADP all DET the DET monarchs NOUN we PRON studied VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 timeline det 4 timeline timeline NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 monarchs case 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 monarchs det:predet 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 monarchs det 8 monarchs monarch NOUN Number=Plur 4 timeline nmod 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 studied nsubj 10 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 monarchs acl:relcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We a timeline of all monarchs vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent timeline=Product 2 study past we all monarchs not said here vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monarch=Topic
Example 7 “Give me my horn,” said the gracious monarch.
punct ccomp iobj nmod:poss obj punct punct det amod obj punct root “ PUNCT Give VERB me PRON my PRON horn NOUN , PUNCT ” PUNCT said VERB the DET gracious ADJ monarch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 2 Give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 said ccomp 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Give iobj 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 horn nmod:poss 5 horn horn NOUN Number=Sing 2 Give obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 7 ” " PUNCT _ 2 Give punct 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 monarch det 10 gracious gracious ADJ Degree=Pos 11 monarch amod 11 monarch monarch NOUN Number=Sing 8 said obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in a quote infinitive my horn the gracious monarch = monarch vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient horn=Theme 2 say speech: assert past the gracious monarch vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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