muff Who acts: muff, you, Ear muffs, two soft pads, rude word, lady · What happens: be, put, keep, wear, join, block out · To what, where: soft tube, end, hands, two soft pads, ears, loud noise · Speech: someone speaks here
«muff» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: muff in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A muff is a soft tube of fur or warm cloth that you put both hands into from each end to keep them warm, worn in old times.
The tree, 28 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod cc amod conj obj nsubj acl:relcl det obj case case det obl mark advcl obj xcomp punct conj case amod obl punct root A DET muff NOUN is AUX a DET soft ADJ tube NOUN of ADP fur NOUN or CCONJ warm ADJ cloth NOUN that PRON you PRON put VERB both DET hands NOUN into ADP from ADP each DET end NOUN to PART keep VERB them PRON warm ADJ , PUNCT worn VERB in ADP old ADJ times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 muff det 2 muff muff NOUN Number=Sing 6 tube nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tube cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 tube det 5 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tube amod 6 tube tube NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 fur case 8 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 6 tube nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 cloth cc 10 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 11 cloth amod 11 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 8 fur conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 put obj 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 put nsubj 14 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 tube acl:relcl 15 both both DET PronType=Tot 16 hands det 16 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 14 put obj 17 into into ADP _ 20 end case 18 from from ADP _ 20 end case 19 each each DET PronType=Tot 20 end det 20 end end NOUN Number=Sing 14 put obl 21 to to PART _ 22 keep mark 22 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 put advcl 23 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 keep obj 24 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 22 keep xcomp 25 , , PUNCT _ 26 worn punct 26 worn wear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 24 warm conj 27 in in ADP _ 29 times case 28 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 29 times amod 29 times time NOUN Number=Plur 26 worn obl 30 . . PUNCT _ 6 tube punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a muff a soft tube of fur or warm cloth tree rules 2 put past you a soft tube into each end vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent that=Asset hand=Goal 3 keep to-infinitive you not said here hands = hand warm property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 4 wear participle you not said here time vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Ear muffs are two soft pads joined by a band that keep your ears warm or block out loud noise.
The tree, 20 words compound nsubj cop nummod amod acl case det obl nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj xcomp cc conj compound:prt amod obj punct root Ear NOUN muffs NOUN are AUX two NUM soft ADJ pads NOUN joined VERB by ADP a DET band NOUN that PRON keep VERB your PRON ears NOUN warm ADJ or CCONJ block VERB out ADP loud ADJ noise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 2 muffs compound 2 muffs muff NOUN Number=Plur 6 pads nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pads cop 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 pads nummod 5 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pads amod 6 pads pad NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 joined join VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 pads acl 8 by by ADP _ 10 band case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 band det 10 band band NOUN Number=Sing 7 joined obl 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 keep nsubj 12 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pads acl:relcl 13 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 ears nmod:poss 14 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 12 keep obj 15 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 12 keep xcomp 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 block cc 17 block block VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 keep conj 18 out out ADP _ 17 block compound:prt 19 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 20 noise amod 20 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 17 block obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 pads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ear muffs two soft pads tree rules 2 join participle two soft pads not said here by a band vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 keep present two soft pads your ears warm property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Theme 4 block out infinitive two soft pads not said here loud noise vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer noise=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To muff something means to do it badly or miss it, especially to drop a catch or spoil a chance.
The tree, 20 words mark csubj obj mark advcl obj advmod cc conj obj punct advmod mark ccomp det obj cc conj det obj punct root To PART muff VERB something PRON means VERB to PART do VERB it PRON badly ADV or CCONJ miss VERB it PRON , PUNCT especially ADV to PART drop VERB a DET catch NOUN or CCONJ spoil VERB a DET chance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 muff mark 2 muff muff VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 muff obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 do mark 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 drop advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 do obj 8 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 6 do advmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 miss cc 10 miss miss VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 do conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 miss obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 drop punct 13 especially especially ADV _ 15 drop advmod 14 to to PART _ 15 drop mark 15 drop drop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 catch det 17 catch catch NOUN Number=Sing 15 drop obj 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 spoil cc 19 spoil spoil VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 drop conj 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 chance det 21 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing 19 spoil obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muff to-infinitive something tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 do to-infinitive it badly property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality 4 miss infinitive it vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus 5 drop not said to happen to-infinitive a catch especially property vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent catch=Theme 6 spoil infinitive a chance tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: rude, adult slang — kept apart, not parsed.
a rude word grown-ups use; not for school.
det amod nsubj amod punct nsubj punct advmod case obl punct root a DET rude ADJ word NOUN grown VERB - PUNCT ups NOUN use VERB ; PUNCT not PART for ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 word det 2 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 3 word amod 3 word word NOUN Number=Sing 7 use nsubj 4 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 ups amod 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 grown punct 6 ups up NOUN Number=Plur 7 use nsubj 7 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 school punct 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 school advmod 10 for for ADP _ 11 school case 11 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 use obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 use present a rude word for school vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 In the old painting, the lady carries a fur muff.
case det amod obl punct det nsubj det compound obj punct root In ADP the DET old ADJ painting NOUN , PUNCT the DET lady NOUN carries VERB a DET fur NOUN muff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 painting case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 painting det 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 painting amod 4 painting painting NOUN Number=Sing 8 carries obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 painting punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lady det 7 lady lady NOUN Number=Sing 8 carries nsubj 8 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 muff det 10 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 11 muff compound 11 muff muff NOUN Number=Sing 8 carries obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 carries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present the lady a fur muff the old painting vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent muff=Value in painting=Location
Example 2 Wear ear muffs when you use the loud drill.
compound obj mark nsubj advcl det amod obj punct root Wear VERB ear NOUN muffs NOUN when SCONJ you PRON use VERB the DET loud ADJ drill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 3 muffs compound 3 muffs muff NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wear obj 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 use mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 use nsubj 6 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Wear advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 drill det 8 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 9 drill amod 9 drill drill NOUN Number=Sing 6 use obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here ear muffs vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent muff=Theme 2 use present you the loud drill vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drill=Patient
Example 3 Grandma's muff kept her hands warm on the sleigh ride.
nmod:poss case nsubj nmod:poss nsubj ccomp case det compound obl punct root Grandma NOUN 's PART muff NOUN kept VERB her PRON hands NOUN warm VERB on ADP the DET sleigh NOUN ride NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 3 muff nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Grandma case 3 muff muff NOUN Number=Sing 4 kept nsubj 4 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hands nmod:poss 6 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 7 warm nsubj 7 warm warm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 kept ccomp 8 on on ADP _ 11 ride case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ride det 10 sleigh sleigh NOUN Number=Sing 11 ride compound 11 ride ride NOUN Number=Sing 7 warm obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past Grandma's muff tree rules 2 warm present her hands the sleigh ride vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 The fielder muffed an easy catch.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET fielder NOUN muffed VERB an DET easy ADJ catch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fielder det 2 fielder fielder NOUN Number=Sing 3 muffed nsubj 3 muffed muff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 catch det 5 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 catch amod 6 catch catch NOUN Number=Sing 3 muffed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 muffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muff past the fielder a easy catch tree rules
Example 5 I muffed my lines in the school play.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det compound obl punct root I PRON muffed VERB my PRON lines NOUN in ADP the DET school NOUN play NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 muffed nsubj 2 muffed muff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 lines nmod:poss 4 lines line NOUN Number=Plur 2 muffed obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 play case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 play det 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 8 play compound 8 play play NOUN Number=Sing 2 muffed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 muffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muff past I my lines the school play tree rules
Example 6 Don't muff your chance to score!
aux advmod nmod:poss obj mark acl punct root Do AUX n't PART muff VERB your PRON chance NOUN to PART score VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 muff aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 muff advmod 3 muff muff VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 chance nmod:poss 5 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing 3 muff obj 6 to to PART _ 7 score mark 7 score score VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 chance acl 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 muff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not muff imperative · do-support you not said here your chance tree rules 2 score to-infinitive you not said here your chance not said here vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 chance your nom chance «state intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 And she dried Gerda’s eyes, and stuck both her hands in the beautiful warm muff.
The tree, 16 words cc nsubj nmod:poss case obj punct cc conj cc:preconj nmod:poss obj case det amod amod obl punct root And CCONJ she PRON dried VERB Gerda PROPN ’s PART eyes NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ stuck VERB both CCONJ her PRON hands NOUN in ADP the DET beautiful ADJ warm ADJ muff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 3 dried cc 2 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 dried nsubj 3 dried dry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Gerda Gerda PROPN Number=Sing 6 eyes nmod:poss 5 ’s 's PART _ 4 Gerda case 6 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 3 dried obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 stuck punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 stuck cc 9 stuck stick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 dried conj 10 both both CCONJ _ 12 hands cc:preconj 11 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 hands nmod:poss 12 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 9 stuck obj 13 in in ADP _ 17 muff case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 muff det 15 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 17 muff amod 16 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 17 muff amod 17 muff muff NOUN Number=Sing 9 stuck obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 dried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dry past she Gerda's eyes vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient eye=Result 2 stick past she not said here Gerda's hands the beautiful warm muff vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme in muff=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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