muffin

Who acts: We, muffin, you, each, Grandma, muffin tin · What happens: bake, shape, eat, toast, tease, cost · To what, where: small sweet cake, flat round bread roll, 12 blueberry muffins, 2 dollars, 24 muffins, 4

«muffin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: muffin in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: USA, Canada, Australia and now everywhere — kept apart, not parsed.

A small sweet cake baked in a cup-shaped tin, often with fruit or chocolate chips.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cake	det
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cake	amod
3	sweet	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cake	amod
4	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	baked	bake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 cake	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	11 tin	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 tin	det
8	cup	cup	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 shaped	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 cup	punct
10	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 tin	amod
11	tin	tin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 baked	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 fruit	punct
13	often	often	ADV	_	15 fruit	advmod
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 fruit	case
15	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tin	nmod
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 chips	cc
17	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 chips	compound
18	chips	chip	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 fruit	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 cake	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bake	participle		a small sweet cake not said here				in a shaped tin with fruit or chocolate chips	vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in tin=Instrument
2	shape	participle							vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

English muffin: a flat, round bread roll eaten toasted with butter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 muffin	amod
2	muffin	muffin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 muffin	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 roll	det
5	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 roll	amod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 flat	punct
7	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 roll	amod
8	bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 roll	compound
9	roll	roll	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 muffin	appos
10	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 roll	acl
11	toasted	toast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 eaten	xcomp
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 butter	case
13	butter	butter	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 toasted	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 muffin	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	participle		a flat round bread roll not said here					tree rules
2	toast	participle						with butter	vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient with butter=Instrument

Meaning 3

Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

A friendly or teasing name for someone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 name	det
2	friendly	friendly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 name	amod
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 teasing	cc
4	teasing	tease	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 friendly	conj
5	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 someone	case
7	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 name	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 name	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tease	gerund							vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 1

We baked 12 blueberry muffins for the fair.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 baked	nsubj
2	baked	bake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 muffins	nummod
4	blueberry	blueberry	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 muffins	compound
5	muffins	muffin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 baked	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 fair	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fair	det
8	fair	fair	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 baked	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 baked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bake	past	We	12 blueberry muffins				for the fair	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent muffin=Material for fair=Beneficiary

Example 2

Each muffin costs 2 dollars.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 muffin	det
2	muffin	muffin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 costs	nsubj
3	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 dollars	nummod
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 costs	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 costs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cost	present	each muffin	2 dollars					vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value

Example 3

Share 24 muffins equally among 6 children: each gets 4.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Share	share	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	24	24	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 muffins	nummod
3	muffins	muffin	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Share	obj
4	equally	equally	ADV	_	1 Share	advmod
5	among	among	ADP	_	7 children	case
6	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 children	nummod
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Share	obl
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 gets	punct
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 gets	nsubj
10	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Share	parataxis
11	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 gets	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Share	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	imperative	you not said here	24 muffins				among 6 children; equally property	tree rules
2	get	present	each	4					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 4=Stimulus

Example 4

Grandma toasted an English muffin for breakfast.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 toasted	nsubj
2	toasted	toast	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 muffin	det
4	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 muffin	amod
5	muffin	muffin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 toasted	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 breakfast	case
7	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 toasted	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 toasted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	toast	past	Grandma	a English muffin				for breakfast	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent muffin=Theme for breakfast=Attribute

Example 5

The muffin tin has 12 holes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 tin	det
2	muffin	muffin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tin	compound
3	tin	tin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 holes	nummod
6	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the muffin tin	12 holes					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient

Example 6

I had a chocolate muffin with my milk.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 muffin	det
4	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 muffin	compound
5	muffin	muffin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 milk	case
7	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 milk	nmod:poss
8	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 muffin	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	I	a chocolate muffin				with my milk	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muffin=Patient

Example 7

And by the time the nation had gotten dry again it was interested in the new invention for toasting muffins by electricity, and all the dragons were almost forgotten.

The tree, 29 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	8 gotten	cc
2	by	by	ADP	_	4 time	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 time	det
4	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gotten	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 nation	det
6	nation	nation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gotten	nsubj:pass
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 gotten	aux
8	gotten	get	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 gotten	xcomp
10	again	again	ADV	_	8 gotten	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 interested	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 interested	cop
13	interested	interested	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 gotten	parataxis
14	in	in	ADP	_	17 invention	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 invention	det
16	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 invention	amod
17	invention	invention	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 interested	obl
18	for	for	SCONJ	_	19 toasting	mark
19	toasting	toast	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 gotten	advcl
20	muffins	muffin	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 toasting	obj
21	by	by	ADP	_	22 electricity	case
22	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 toasting	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 forgotten	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 forgotten	cc
25	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	27 dragons	det:predet
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 dragons	det
27	dragons	dragon	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 forgotten	nsubj
28	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 forgotten	aux:pass
29	almost	almost	ADV	_	30 forgotten	advmod
30	forgotten	forget	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 gotten	conj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 gotten	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	past · perfect · passive		the nation		again; time	dry property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	is	past	nation		the new invention		interested property	tree rules
3	toast	gerund		muffins			by electricity	vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent muffin=Patient
4	forget	past · passive		all dragons			almost property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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