muffle Who acts: thick snow, We, She, her, muffles, Car mufflers · What happens: muffle, be, cover, muffle up, hear, giggle · To what, where: sound, someone, warm clothes, footsteps, muffled voices, wall
«muffle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: muffle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To muffle a sound is to make it quieter and less clear, for example by covering it.
The tree, 17 words mark advcl det obj cop mark obj xcomp cc advmod conj punct case obl mark advcl obj punct root To PART muffle VERB a DET sound NOUN is AUX to PART make VERB it PRON quieter ADJ and CCONJ less ADV clear ADJ , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN by SCONJ covering VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 muffle mark 2 muffle muffle VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 make advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sound det 4 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 2 muffle obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 make cop 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 make obj 9 quieter quiet ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 make xcomp 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 clear cc 11 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 12 clear advmod 12 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 9 quieter conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 example punct 14 for for ADP _ 15 example case 15 example example NOUN Number=Sing 7 make obl 16 by by SCONJ _ 17 covering mark 17 covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 make advcl 18 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 covering obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muffle to-infinitive a sound vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient 2 is present for example; make, quiet property tree rules 3 cover gerund sound vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To muffle someone or something up is to wrap them in warm clothes or cloth.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl obj cc conj compound:prt cop mark obj case amod obl cc conj punct root To PART muffle VERB someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON up ADP is AUX to PART wrap VERB them PRON in ADP warm ADJ clothes NOUN or CCONJ cloth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 muffle mark 2 muffle muffle VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 wrap advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 muffle obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 something cc 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 someone conj 6 up up ADP _ 2 muffle compound:prt 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 wrap cop 8 to to PART _ 9 wrap mark 9 wrap wrap VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 wrap obj 11 in in ADP _ 13 clothes case 12 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 13 clothes amod 13 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 9 wrap obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 cloth cc 15 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 13 clothes conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 wrap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muffle up to-infinitive someone vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient 2 is present warm clothes or cloth wrap property tree rules
Example 1 The thick snow muffled our footsteps.
det amod nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET thick ADJ snow NOUN muffled VERB our PRON footsteps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 snow det 2 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 3 snow amod 3 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 4 muffled nsubj 4 muffled muffle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 footsteps nmod:poss 6 footsteps footstep NOUN Number=Plur 4 muffled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 muffled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muffle past the thick snow our footsteps vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footstep=Patient
Example 2 We heard muffled voices through the wall.
nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON heard VERB muffled VERB voices NOUN through ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 voices amod 4 voices voice NOUN Number=Plur 2 heard obj 5 through through ADP _ 7 wall case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wall det 7 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We muffled voices the wall vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus 2 muffle participle vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 3 She muffled her giggles with a pillow.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root She PRON muffled VERB her PRON giggles NOUN with ADP a DET pillow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 muffled nsubj 2 muffled muffle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 giggles nmod:poss 4 giggles giggle NOUN Number=Plur 2 muffled obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 pillow case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pillow det 7 pillow pillow NOUN Number=Sing 2 muffled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 muffled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muffle past She her giggles with a pillow vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent giggle=Patient with pillow=Instrument 2 giggle her = she nom giggle «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 We tested which material muffles sound best.
nsubj det obj nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root We PRON tested VERB which DET material NOUN muffles NOUN sound VERB best ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tested nsubj 2 tested test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 which which DET PronType=Int 4 material det 4 material material NOUN Number=Sing 2 tested obj 5 muffles muffle NOUN Number=Plur 6 sound nsubj 6 sound sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 material acl:relcl 7 best well ADV Degree=Sup 6 sound advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 tested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 test past We which material vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent material=Theme 2 sound present muffles which material not said here well property vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location material=Theme
Example 5 The children were muffled up in scarves and hats.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass compound:prt case obl cc conj punct root The DET children NOUN were AUX muffled VERB up ADP in ADP scarves NOUN and CCONJ hats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 muffled nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 muffled aux:pass 4 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 muffled compound:prt 6 in in ADP _ 7 scarves case 7 scarves scarf NOUN Number=Plur 4 muffled obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 hats cc 9 hats hat NOUN Number=Plur 7 scarves conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 muffled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muffle up past · passive the children scarves and hats vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 6 Car mufflers (US) make engines quieter.
compound nsubj punct appos punct obj xcomp punct root Car NOUN mufflers NOUN ( PUNCT US PROPN ) PUNCT make VERB engines NOUN quieter ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Car car NOUN Number=Sing 2 mufflers compound 2 mufflers muffler NOUN Number=Plur 6 make nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 US punct 4 US US PROPN Number=Sing 2 mufflers appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 US punct 6 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 engines engine NOUN Number=Plur 6 make obj 8 quieter quiet ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 make xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Car mufflers engines quiet property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset engine=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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