muffled Who acts: something, I, face, Her, snow, muffled thump · What happens: be, muffle, make, cover, wrap up, muffle up · To what, where: way, sound, scarves, muffled voices, next room, answer
«muffled» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: muffled in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.
Quiet and unclear because something is in the way, as in "a muffled voice".
The tree, 14 words cc conj mark nsubj cop case det obl punct mark case punct det amod parataxis punct punct root Quiet ADJ and CCONJ unclear ADJ because SCONJ something PRON is AUX in ADP the DET way NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP " PUNCT a DET muffled VERB voice NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 unclear cc 3 unclear unclear ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Quiet conj 4 because because SCONJ _ 9 way mark 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 way nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 way cop 7 in in ADP _ 9 way case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 way det 9 way way NOUN Number=Sing 3 unclear obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 16 voice punct 11 as as SCONJ _ 16 voice mark 12 in in ADP _ 16 voice case 13 " " PUNCT _ 16 voice punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 voice det 15 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 voice amod 16 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 9 way parataxis 17 " " PUNCT _ 16 voice punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 1 Quiet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present something the way tree rules 2 muffle in a quote participle vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Made a sound quieter by covering it.
det obj xcomp mark advcl obj punct root Made VERB a DET sound NOUN quieter ADJ by SCONJ covering VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 sound det 3 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 1 Made obj 4 quieter quiet ADJ Degree=Cmp 1 Made xcomp 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 covering mark 6 covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 quieter advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 covering obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past a sound quiet property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product 2 cover gerund sound vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Destination
Meaning 3 Wrapped up warmly, as in "muffled up in scarves".
compound:prt advmod punct mark fixed punct advcl compound:prt case obl punct punct root Wrapped VERB up ADP warmly ADV , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP " PUNCT muffled VERB up ADP in ADP scarves NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wrapped wrap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Wrapped compound:prt 3 warmly warmly ADV _ 1 Wrapped advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 muffled punct 5 as as SCONJ _ 8 muffled mark 6 in in ADP _ 5 as fixed 7 " " PUNCT _ 8 muffled punct 8 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Wrapped advcl 9 up up ADP _ 8 muffled compound:prt 10 in in ADP _ 11 scarves case 11 scarves scarf NOUN Number=Plur 8 muffled obl 12 " " PUNCT _ 8 muffled punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wrapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wrap up participle warmly property vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 2 muffle up in a quote participle scarves vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 I heard muffled voices from the next room.
nsubj amod obj case det amod obl punct root I PRON heard VERB muffled VERB voices NOUN from ADP the DET next ADJ room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 voices amod 4 voices voice NOUN Number=Plur 2 heard obj 5 from from ADP _ 8 room case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 room det 7 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 8 room amod 8 room room NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past I muffled voices the next room vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent voice=Topic from room=Source 2 muffle participle vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Her answer was muffled because her face was in the pillow.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass mark nmod:poss nsubj cop case det advcl punct root Her PRON answer NOUN was AUX muffled VERB because SCONJ her PRON face NOUN was AUX in ADP the DET pillow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 answer nmod:poss 2 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 4 muffled nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 muffled aux:pass 4 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 because because SCONJ _ 11 pillow mark 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 face nmod:poss 7 face face NOUN Number=Sing 11 pillow nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 pillow cop 9 in in ADP _ 11 pillow case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 pillow det 11 pillow pillow NOUN Number=Sing 4 muffled advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 muffled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muffle past · passive Her answer vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 is past her face the pillow tree rules 3 answer Her = she nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The snow muffled the sound of our footsteps.
det nsubj det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET snow NOUN muffled VERB the DET sound NOUN of ADP our PRON footsteps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 snow det 2 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 muffled nsubj 3 muffled muffle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sound det 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 3 muffled obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 footsteps case 7 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 footsteps nmod:poss 8 footsteps footstep NOUN Number=Plur 5 sound nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 muffled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muffle past the snow the sound of our footsteps vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient
Example 4 There was a muffled thump in the attic.
expl det amod nsubj case det nmod punct root There PRON was VERB a DET muffled VERB thump NOUN in ADP the DET attic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thump det 4 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 thump amod 5 thump thump NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 6 in in ADP _ 8 attic case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 attic det 8 attic attic NOUN Number=Sing 5 thump nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a muffled thump in the attic there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 muffle participle vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 We wrapped the alarm clock in a towel and its ring was muffled.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl cc nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root We PRON wrapped VERB the DET alarm NOUN clock NOUN in ADP a DET towel NOUN and CCONJ its PRON ring NOUN was AUX muffled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 wrapped nsubj 2 wrapped wrap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 clock det 4 alarm alarm NOUN Number=Sing 5 clock compound 5 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 2 wrapped obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 towel case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 towel det 8 towel towel NOUN Number=Sing 2 wrapped obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 13 muffled cc 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 ring nmod:poss 11 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 13 muffled nsubj:pass 12 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 muffled aux:pass 13 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 wrapped conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 wrapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wrap past We the alarm clock a towel vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent clock=Theme in towel=Destination 2 muffle past · passive towel's ring vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 6 The children were muffled up in coats and scarves.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass compound:prt case obl cc conj punct root The DET children NOUN were AUX muffled VERB up ADP in ADP coats NOUN and CCONJ scarves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 muffled nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 muffled aux:pass 4 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 muffled compound:prt 6 in in ADP _ 7 coats case 7 coats coat NOUN Number=Plur 4 muffled obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 scarves cc 9 scarves scarf NOUN Number=Plur 7 coats conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 muffled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 muffle up past · passive the children coats and scarves vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 7 In science we tested which materials muffled sound best.
case obl nsubj det nsubj ccomp obj advmod punct root In ADP science NOUN we PRON tested VERB which DET materials NOUN muffled VERB sound NOUN best ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 science case 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing 4 tested obl 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 tested nsubj 4 tested test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 which which DET PronType=Int 6 materials det 6 materials material NOUN Number=Plur 7 muffled nsubj 7 muffled muffle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 tested ccomp 8 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 7 muffled obj 9 best well ADV Degree=Sup 7 muffled advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 tested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 test past we science tree rules 2 muffle past which materials sound well property vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient
Example 8 A queer sound could be heard, soft as a little bell, and faint and muffled like the buzz of a far-away mosquito.
The tree, 23 words det amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass punct conj case det amod obl punct cc parataxis cc conj case det obl case det advmod punct advmod nmod punct root A DET queer ADJ sound NOUN could AUX be AUX heard VERB , PUNCT soft ADJ as ADP a DET little ADJ bell NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ faint ADJ and CCONJ muffled VERB like ADP the DET buzz NOUN of ADP a DET far ADV - PUNCT away ADV mosquito NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 sound det 2 queer queer ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sound amod 3 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 6 heard nsubj:pass 4 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 heard aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 heard aux:pass 6 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 soft punct 8 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 6 heard conj 9 as as ADP _ 12 bell case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 bell det 11 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 12 bell amod 12 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 8 soft obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 faint punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 faint cc 15 faint faint ADJ Degree=Pos 6 heard parataxis 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 muffled cc 17 muffled muffle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 faint conj 18 like like ADP _ 20 buzz case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 buzz det 20 buzz buzz NOUN Number=Sing 17 muffled obl 21 of of ADP _ 26 mosquito case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 mosquito det 23 far far ADV Degree=Pos 25 away advmod 24 - - PUNCT _ 23 far punct 25 away away ADV _ 26 mosquito advmod 26 mosquito mosquito NOUN Number=Sing 20 buzz nmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 6 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear could · passive a queer sound vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus 2 muffle participle like the buzz of a mosquito vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 buzz a mosquito nom buzz «event intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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