napkin Who acts: napkin, you, I, We, She, John · What happens: be, use, wipe, keep, mean, wrap · To what, where: square piece, paper, meals, mouth, clothes, diaper · Speech: someone speaks here
«napkin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: napkin in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A napkin is a square piece of cloth or paper used at meals to wipe your mouth and fingers and keep your clothes clean.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod cc conj acl case obl mark advcl nmod:poss obj cc conj cc conj nmod:poss obj xcomp punct root A DET napkin NOUN is AUX a DET square ADJ piece NOUN of ADP cloth NOUN or CCONJ paper NOUN used VERB at ADP meals NOUN to PART wipe VERB your PRON mouth NOUN and CCONJ fingers NOUN and CCONJ keep VERB your PRON clothes NOUN clean ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 napkin det 2 napkin napkin NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 piece det 5 square square ADJ Degree=Pos 6 piece amod 6 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 cloth case 8 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 paper cc 10 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece conj 11 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 paper acl 12 at at ADP _ 13 meals case 13 meals meal NOUN Number=Plur 11 used obl 14 to to PART _ 15 wipe mark 15 wipe wipe VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 used advcl 16 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 mouth nmod:poss 17 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 15 wipe obj 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 fingers cc 19 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 17 mouth conj 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 keep cc 21 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 wipe conj 22 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 clothes nmod:poss 23 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 21 keep obj 24 clean clean ADJ Degree=Pos 21 keep xcomp 25 . . PUNCT _ 6 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a napkin a square piece or paper of cloth tree rules 2 use participle paper not said here meals vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 wipe to-infinitive your mouth and fingers vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent mouth=Source 4 keep infinitive your clothes clean property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In some countries «napkin» (or «nappy») once meant a baby's diaper.
The tree, 12 words case det obl punct nsubj punct punct cc punct appos punct punct advmod det nmod:poss case obj punct root In ADP some DET countries NOUN « PUNCT napkin NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT nappy NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT once ADV meant VERB a DET baby NOUN 's PART diaper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 countries case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 countries det 3 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 14 meant obl 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 napkin punct 5 napkin napkin NOUN Number=Sing 14 meant nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 napkin punct 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 nappy punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 nappy cc 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 nappy punct 10 nappy nappy NOUN Number=Sing 5 napkin appos 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 nappy punct 12 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 nappy punct 13 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 14 meant advmod 14 meant mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 baby det 16 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 18 diaper nmod:poss 17 's 's PART _ 16 baby case 18 diaper diaper NOUN Number=Sing 14 meant obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 14 meant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean past napkin a baby's diaper in some countries; once property vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot diaper=Theme in country=Attribute
Meaning 3 A napkin can also be a square cloth used to wrap and carry things.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det amod acl mark advcl cc conj obj punct root A DET napkin NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET square ADJ cloth NOUN used VERB to PART wrap VERB and CCONJ carry VERB things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 napkin det 2 napkin napkin NOUN Number=Sing 8 cloth nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 cloth aux 4 also also ADV _ 8 cloth advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 cloth cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cloth det 7 square square ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cloth amod 8 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 cloth acl 10 to to PART _ 11 wrap mark 11 wrap wrap VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 used advcl 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 carry cc 13 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 wrap conj 14 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 13 carry obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 cloth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a napkin a square cloth tree rules 2 use participle a square cloth not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 wrap to-infinitive vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 4 carry infinitive things vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
Example 1 Put your napkin on your lap.
nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Put VERB your PRON napkin NOUN on ADP your PRON lap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 napkin nmod:poss 3 napkin napkin NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 lap case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 lap nmod:poss 6 lap lap NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here your napkin your lap vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent napkin=Theme on lap=Destination
Example 2 Wipe your mouth with a napkin.
nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Wipe VERB your PRON mouth NOUN with ADP a DET napkin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wipe wipe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 mouth nmod:poss 3 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wipe obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 napkin case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 napkin det 6 napkin napkin NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wipe obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wipe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wipe imperative you not said here your mouth with a napkin vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent mouth=Source
Example 3 Can I have a paper napkin, please?
aux nsubj det compound obj punct discourse punct root Can AUX I PRON have VERB a DET paper NOUN napkin NOUN , PUNCT please INTJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 have aux 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 napkin det 5 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 6 napkin compound 6 napkin napkin NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 have punct 8 please please INTJ _ 3 have discourse 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have can I a paper napkin vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent napkin=Patient
Example 4 We folded the napkins into triangles.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root We PRON folded VERB the DET napkins NOUN into ADP triangles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 folded nsubj 2 folded fold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 napkins det 4 napkins napkin NOUN Number=Plur 2 folded obj 5 into into ADP _ 6 triangles case 6 triangles triangle NOUN Number=Plur 2 folded obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 folded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fold past We the napkins into triangles result vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent napkin=Patient into triangle=Result
Example 5 Fold the napkin in half and then in half again to make quarters.
det obj case obl cc advmod case conj advmod mark advcl obj punct root Fold VERB the DET napkin NOUN in ADP half NOUN and CCONJ then ADV in ADP half NOUN again ADV to PART make VERB quarters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fold fold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 napkin det 3 napkin napkin NOUN Number=Sing 1 Fold obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 half case 5 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 1 Fold obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 half cc 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 9 half advmod 8 in in ADP _ 9 half case 9 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 5 half conj 10 again again ADV _ 1 Fold advmod 11 to to PART _ 12 make mark 12 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Fold advcl 13 quarters quarter NOUN Number=Plur 12 make obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Fold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fold imperative you not said here the napkin half and half again vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent napkin=Patient 2 make to-infinitive you not said here quarters vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset quarter=Product
Example 6 She set the table with plates and napkins.
nsubj det obj case obl cc conj punct root She PRON set VERB the DET table NOUN with ADP plates NOUN and CCONJ napkins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 set nsubj 2 set set VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 table det 4 table table NOUN Number=Sing 2 set obj 5 with with ADP _ 6 plates case 6 plates plate NOUN Number=Plur 2 set obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 napkins cc 8 napkins napkin NOUN Number=Plur 6 plates conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 set past She the table with plates and napkins vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent table=Patient with plate=Instrument
Example 7 Then John answered, "I am a merchant"; and opening his napkin he showed her its contents.
The tree, 16 words advmod nsubj punct punct nsubj cop det ccomp punct punct cc csubj nmod:poss obj nsubj conj iobj nmod:poss obj punct root Then ADV John PROPN answered VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT I PRON am AUX a DET merchant NOUN " PUNCT ; PUNCT and CCONJ opening VERB his PRON napkin NOUN he PRON showed VERB her PRON its PRON contents NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 answered advmod 2 John John PROPN Number=Sing 3 answered nsubj 3 answered answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 9 merchant punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 9 merchant punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 merchant nsubj 7 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 merchant cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 merchant det 9 merchant merchant NOUN Number=Sing 3 answered ccomp 10 " " PUNCT _ 9 merchant punct 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 showed punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 17 showed cc 13 opening open VERB VerbForm=Ger 17 showed csubj 14 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 napkin nmod:poss 15 napkin napkin NOUN Number=Sing 13 opening obj 16 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 showed nsubj 17 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 answered conj 18 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 showed iobj 19 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 20 contents nmod:poss 20 contents contents NOUN Number=Ptan 17 showed obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 answered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 answer speech: assert past John then vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a in a quote present John a merchant tree rules 3 open gerund John's napkin vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location napkin=Theme 4 show past John napkin's contents her = she vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient contents=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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