nasalise

Who acts: air, French speakers, you, accents, we, teacher · What happens: make, let, come out, nasalise, try, say · To what, where: speech sound, nose, air, vowel, bon, man · Speech: someone speaks here

«nasalise» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: nasalise in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To make a speech sound through the nose, letting air come out of the nose as well as the mouth.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sound	det
4	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sound	compound
5	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 nose	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 nose	det
8	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 letting	punct
10	letting	let	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 make	advcl
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 letting	obj
12	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 letting	xcomp
13	out	out	ADV	_	12 come	advmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 nose	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 nose	det
16	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 come	obl
17	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	21 mouth	cc
18	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	17 as	fixed
19	as	as	ADP	_	17 as	fixed
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 mouth	det
21	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 letting	conj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive		a speech sound	the nose		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
2	let	gerund		air			tree rules
3	come out	infinitive	air not said here			of the nose; out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

French speakers nasalise the vowel in "bon".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 speakers	amod
2	speakers	speaker	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 nasalise	nsubj
3	nasalise	nasalise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 vowel	det
5	vowel	vowel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nasalise	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 bon	case
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 bon	punct
8	bon	bon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nasalise	obl
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 bon	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 nasalise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	nasalise	present	French speakers	the vowel		bon			tree rules

Example 2

Try to say "man" and notice how you nasalise the "a".

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Try	try	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	to	to	PART	_	3 say	mark
3	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Try	xcomp
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 man	punct
5	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 say	obj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 man	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 notice	cc
8	notice	notice	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 say	conj
9	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	11 nasalise	advmod
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 nasalise	nsubj
11	nasalise	nasalise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 notice	ccomp
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 a	reparandum
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 a	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 nasalise	conj
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 a	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Try	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	try	imperative	you not said here		vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	say speech: assert not said to happen	to-infinitive	you not said here	man	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent man=Topic
3	notice	infinitive	you not said here		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	nasalise	present	you		tree rules

Example 3

Some accents nasalise vowels before "m" and "n".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 accents	det
2	accents	accent	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 nasalise	nsubj
3	nasalise	nasalise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	vowels	vowel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 nasalise	obj
5	before	before	ADP	_	7 m	case
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 m	punct
7	m	M	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nasalise	obl
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 m	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 n	cc
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 n	punct
11	n	n	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 m	conj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 n	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 nasalise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	nasalise	present	some accents	vowels			before m and n		tree rules

Example 4

In French class we practised nasalised vowels.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 class	case
2	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 class	compound
3	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 practised	obl
4	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 practised	nsubj
5	practised	practise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	nasalised	nasalise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 vowels	amod
7	vowels	vowel	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 practised	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 practised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	practise	past	we	nasalised vowels		French class			tree rules
2	nasalise	participle							tree rules

Example 5

When you hold your nose you cannot nasalise a sound.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 hold	advmod
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 hold	nsubj
3	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 nasalise	advcl
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 nose	nmod:poss
5	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hold	obj
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 nasalise	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 nasalise	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 nasalise	advmod
9	nasalise	nasalise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 sound	det
11	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 nasalise	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 nasalise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	you	your nose					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme
2	not nasalise	can	you	a sound					tree rules

Example 6

Our teacher showed how "ng" is nasalised at the back of the mouth.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 teacher	nmod:poss
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 showed	nsubj
3	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	9 nasalised	advmod
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 ng	punct
6	ng	ng	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 nasalised	nsubj:pass
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 ng	punct
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 nasalised	aux:pass
9	nasalised	nasalise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 showed	ccomp
10	at	at	ADP	_	12 back	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 back	det
12	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 nasalised	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 mouth	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 mouth	det
15	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 back	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 showed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	Our teacher						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	nasalise	present · passive		ng		the back of the mouth			tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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