Mova0.5 pre-release⌕

☰

home / corpora / dictionaries / school dictionary / N / natterjack

natterjack

Who acts: that, natterjack toad, Natterjacks, We, homes, natterjack · What happens: run, have, hop, hear, croak, protect · To what, where: loud croak, yellow line, sand, natterjacks, Natterjack toads, Ireland · Speech: someone speaks here

«natterjack» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: natterjack in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A small toad of Europe, including Britain and Ireland, with a yellow stripe down its back, that runs rather than hops and has a very loud croak.

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 toad	det
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 toad	amod
3	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Europe	case
5	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 toad	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Britain	punct
7	including	including	ADP	_	8 Britain	case
8	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Europe	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 Ireland	cc
10	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Europe	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 stripe	punct
12	with	with	ADP	_	15 stripe	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 stripe	det
14	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 stripe	amod
15	stripe	stripe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 toad	conj
16	down	down	ADP	_	18 back	case
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 back	nmod:poss
18	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 stripe	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 runs	punct
20	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 runs	nsubj
21	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 toad	parataxis
22	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	24 hops	cc
23	than	than	ADP	_	22 rather	fixed
24	hops	hop	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 runs	conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 has	cc
26	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 runs	conj
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 croak	det
28	very	very	ADV	_	29 loud	advmod
29	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 croak	amod
30	croak	croak	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 has	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 toad	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	present	that						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have	present	that not said here	a loud croak					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent croak=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

The natterjack toad has a yellow line down its back.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 toad	det
2	natterjack	natterjack	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 toad	compound
3	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 line	det
6	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 line	amod
7	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	obj
8	down	down	ADP	_	10 back	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 back	nmod:poss
10	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 line	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the natterjack toad	a yellow line				down toad's back	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient

Example 2

Natterjacks run along the sand instead of hopping.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Natterjacks	natterjack	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 run	nsubj
2	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	along	along	ADP	_	5 sand	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sand	det
5	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 run	obl
6	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	8 hopping	mark
7	of	of	ADP	_	6 instead	fixed
8	hopping	hop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 run	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 run	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	present	Natterjacks			the sand			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along sand=Trajectory
2	hop	gerund	Natterjacks not said here						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 3

We heard natterjacks croaking at the nature reserve.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 heard	nsubj
2	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	natterjacks	natterjack	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 heard	obj
4	croaking	croak	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 natterjacks	acl
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 reserve	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 reserve	det
7	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reserve	compound
8	reserve	reserve	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 croaking	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 heard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	past	We	natterjacks					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer natterjack=Stimulus
2	croak	gerund	natterjacks not said here					at the nature reserve	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at reserve=Stimulus

Example 4

Natterjack toads are protected because their homes are disappearing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Natterjack	natterjack	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 toads	compound
2	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 protected	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 protected	aux:pass
4	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 disappearing	mark
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 homes	nmod:poss
7	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 disappearing	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 disappearing	aux
9	disappearing	disappear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 protected	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 protected	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present · passive		Natterjack toads					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
2	disappear	present · progressive	toads's homes						vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 5

In Ireland, natterjacks live in a few places in County Kerry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Ireland	case
2	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 live	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Ireland	punct
4	natterjacks	natterjack	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 live	nsubj
5	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 places	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 places	det
8	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 places	amod
9	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 live	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 County	case
11	County	County	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 places	nmod
12	Kerry	Kerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 County	flat
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 live	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	natterjacks			Ireland		in a few places in County	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ireland=Location

Example 6

A natterjack's call can be heard over a kilometre away.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 natterjack	det
2	natterjack	natterjack	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 call	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 natterjack	case
4	call	call	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 heard	nsubj:pass
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 heard	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 heard	aux:pass
7	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	over	over	ADP	_	10 kilometre	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 kilometre	det
10	kilometre	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 away	obl
11	away	away	ADV	_	7 heard	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 heard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	can · passive		a natterjack's call				away property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus
2	call		a natterjack						nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/N/natterjack/