natural Who acts: Natural, Natural history, Wood, earthquake, room, Natural numbers · What happens: mean, make, expect, be, feel, pretend · To what, where: someone, something, study, natural material, natural disaster, lots · Speech: someone speaks here
«natural» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: natural in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Natural means made by nature, not by people or machines, like natural rock or natural light.
The tree, 16 words nsubj ccomp case obl punct advmod case parataxis cc conj punct case amod parataxis cc amod conj punct root Natural ADJ means VERB made VERB by ADP nature NOUN , PUNCT not PART by ADP people NOUN or CCONJ machines NOUN , PUNCT like ADP natural ADJ rock NOUN or CCONJ natural ADJ light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 by by ADP _ 5 nature case 5 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 people punct 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 people advmod 8 by by ADP _ 9 people case 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 means parataxis 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 machines cc 11 machines machine NOUN Number=Plur 9 people conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 rock punct 13 like like ADP _ 15 rock case 14 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 15 rock amod 15 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 9 people parataxis 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 light cc 17 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 18 light amod 18 light light NOUN Number=Sing 15 rock conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Natural vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make participle by nature vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Natural also means normal or expected: «It's natural to feel nervous».
The tree, 12 words nsubj advmod xcomp cc conj punct punct expl cop parataxis mark csubj xcomp punct punct root Natural ADJ also ADV means VERB normal ADJ or CCONJ expected VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON 's AUX natural ADJ to PART feel VERB nervous ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 normal normal ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 expected cc 6 expected expect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 normal conj 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 natural punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 natural punct 9 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 natural expl 10 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 natural cop 11 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means parataxis 12 to to PART _ 13 feel mark 13 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 natural csubj 14 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 13 feel xcomp 15 » » PUNCT _ 11 natural punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Natural normal property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 expect participle Natural not said here vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is in a quote present natural property tree rules 4 feel in a quote to-infinitive nervous property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 3 Natural can mean not fake or pretended.
nsubj aux advmod xcomp cc conj punct root Natural ADJ can AUX mean VERB not PART fake ADJ or CCONJ pretended VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 fake advmod 5 fake fake ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 pretended cc 7 pretended pretend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 fake conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Natural fake property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 pretend participle Natural not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 A natural is someone who is very good at something without trying hard.
det nsubj cop nsubj cop advmod acl:relcl case obl mark acl advmod punct root A DET natural ADJ is AUX someone PRON who PRON is AUX very ADV good ADJ at ADP something PRON without SCONJ trying VERB hard ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 natural det 2 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 4 someone nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 someone cop 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 good nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 good cop 7 very very ADV _ 8 good advmod 8 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 4 someone acl:relcl 9 at at ADP _ 10 something case 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 good obl 11 without without SCONJ _ 12 trying mark 12 trying try VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 something acl 13 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 12 trying advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 someone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a natural someone tree rules 2 is present something good property tree rules 3 try gerund hard property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 5 Natural history is the study of plants, animals and other living things in nature.
The tree, 14 words amod nsubj cop det case nmod punct conj cc amod amod conj case nmod punct root Natural ADJ history NOUN is AUX the DET study NOUN of ADP plants NOUN , PUNCT animals NOUN and CCONJ other ADJ living ADJ things NOUN in ADP nature NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 2 history amod 2 history history NOUN Number=Sing 5 study nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 study cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 study det 5 study study NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 plants case 7 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 study nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 animals punct 9 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 7 plants conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 13 things cc 11 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 13 things amod 12 living living ADJ Degree=Pos 13 things amod 13 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 plants conj 14 in in ADP _ 15 nature case 15 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 13 things nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Natural history the study of plants and animals and other living things in nature tree rules
Example 1 Wood is a natural material; plastic is not.
nsubj cop det amod punct conj parataxis advmod punct root Wood NOUN is AUX a DET natural ADJ material NOUN ; PUNCT plastic NOUN is VERB not PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 5 material nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 material cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 material det 4 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 5 material amod 5 material material NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 plastic punct 7 plastic plastic NOUN Number=Sing 5 material conj 8 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 material parataxis 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 is advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 material punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Wood a natural material and plastic tree rules 2 not be present vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 It's natural to feel nervous before a test.
expl cop mark csubj xcomp case det obl punct root It PRON 's AUX natural ADJ to PART feel VERB nervous ADJ before ADP a DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 natural expl 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 natural cop 3 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 feel mark 5 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 natural csubj 6 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 feel xcomp 7 before before ADP _ 9 test case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 test det 9 test test NOUN Number=Sing 6 nervous obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 natural punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present natural property tree rules 2 feel to-infinitive nervous property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 3 An earthquake is a natural disaster.
det nsubj cop det amod punct root An DET earthquake NOUN is AUX a DET natural ADJ disaster NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 earthquake det 2 earthquake earthquake NOUN Number=Sing 6 disaster nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 disaster cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 disaster det 5 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 6 disaster amod 6 disaster disaster NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 disaster punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a earthquake a natural disaster tree rules
Example 4 The room has lots of natural light.
det nsubj obj case amod nmod punct root The DET room NOUN has VERB lots NOUN of ADP natural ADJ light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 room det 2 room room NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 light case 6 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 7 light amod 7 light light NOUN Number=Sing 4 lots nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the room lots of natural light vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient
Example 5 Natural numbers are the numbers we count with.
amod nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt punct root Natural ADJ numbers NOUN are AUX the DET numbers NOUN we PRON count VERB with ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 2 numbers amod 2 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 5 numbers nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 numbers cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 numbers det 5 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 count nsubj 7 count count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 numbers acl:relcl 8 with with ADP _ 7 count compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 numbers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Natural numbers the numbers tree rules 2 count with present we the numbers not said here vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme
Example 6 She's a natural at swimming.
nsubj cop det case obl punct root She PRON 's AUX a DET natural ADJ at ADP swimming NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 natural nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 natural cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 natural det 4 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 swimming case 6 swimming swimming NOUN Number=Sing 4 natural obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 natural punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She swimming natural property tree rules
Example 7 Just smile and be natural for the photo.
advmod cc cop conj case det obl punct root Just ADV smile VERB and CCONJ be AUX natural ADJ for ADP the DET photo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Just just ADV _ 2 smile advmod 2 smile smile VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 natural cc 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 natural cop 5 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 2 smile conj 6 for for ADP _ 8 photo case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 photo det 8 photo photo NOUN Number=Sing 5 natural obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 smile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smile imperative you not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is infinitive you not said here for the photo; natural property tree rules
Example 8 Rivers and mountains are natural features.
nsubj cc conj cop amod punct root Rivers NOUN and CCONJ mountains NOUN are AUX natural ADJ features NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 6 features nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 mountains cc 3 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 1 Rivers conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 features cop 5 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 6 features amod 6 features feature NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 features punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Rivers and mountains natural features tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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