naturalist Who acts: naturalist, person, writer, Charles, park naturalist, She · What happens: be, study, watch, show, sail, find · To what, where: person, plants, wild, writer, life, naturalist · Speech: someone speaks here
«naturalist» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: naturalist in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A naturalist is a person who studies plants, animals and nature, often by watching them carefully in the wild.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct conj cc conj punct advmod mark advcl obj advmod case det obl punct root A DET naturalist NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON studies VERB plants NOUN , PUNCT animals NOUN and CCONJ nature NOUN , PUNCT often ADV by SCONJ watching VERB them PRON carefully ADV in ADP the DET wild NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 naturalist det 2 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 studies nsubj 7 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 studies obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 animals punct 10 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 8 plants conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 nature cc 12 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 8 plants conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 watching punct 14 often often ADV _ 16 watching advmod 15 by by SCONJ _ 16 watching mark 16 watching watch VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 studies advcl 17 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 watching obj 18 carefully carefully ADV _ 16 watching advmod 19 in in ADP _ 21 wild case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 wild det 21 wild wild NOUN Number=Sing 16 watching obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a naturalist a person tree rules 2 study present a person plants and animals and nature vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Topic 3 watch gerund a person not said here plants = plant the wild carefully, often property vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: rare, art and literature — kept apart, not parsed.
A naturalist is a writer or artist who shows life exactly as it is.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj advmod mark nsubj ccomp punct root A DET naturalist NOUN is AUX a DET writer NOUN or CCONJ artist NOUN who PRON shows VERB life NOUN exactly ADV as SCONJ it PRON is VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 naturalist det 2 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing 5 writer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 writer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 writer det 5 writer writer NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 artist cc 7 artist artist NOUN Number=Sing 5 writer conj 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 shows nsubj 9 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 writer acl:relcl 10 life life NOUN Number=Sing 9 shows obj 11 exactly exactly ADV _ 14 is advmod 12 as as SCONJ _ 14 is mark 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 is nsubj 14 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 shows ccomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 writer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a naturalist a writer or artist tree rules 2 show present a writer or artist life vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent life=Recipient clause=Topic 3 be present naturalist exactly property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Charles Darwin was a naturalist who sailed around the world.
nsubj flat cop det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct root Charles PROPN Darwin PROPN was AUX a DET naturalist NOUN who PRON sailed VERB around ADP the DET world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Charles Charles PROPN Number=Sing 5 naturalist nsubj 2 Darwin Darwin PROPN Number=Sing 1 Charles flat 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 naturalist cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 naturalist det 5 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 sailed nsubj 7 sailed sail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 naturalist acl:relcl 8 around around ADP _ 10 world case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 world det 10 world world NOUN Number=Sing 7 sailed obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 naturalist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Charles a naturalist tree rules 2 sail past a naturalist the world vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent around world=Trajectory
Example 2 The park naturalist showed us how to find frogs.
det compound nsubj iobj advmod mark advcl obj punct root The DET park NOUN naturalist NOUN showed VERB us PRON how ADV to PART find VERB frogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 naturalist det 2 park park NOUN Number=Sing 3 naturalist compound 3 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 showed iobj 6 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 find advmod 7 to to PART _ 8 find mark 8 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 showed advcl 9 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 8 find obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the park naturalist us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient 2 find to-infinitive the park naturalist not said here frogs vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frog=Topic
Example 3 She keeps a nature diary like a real naturalist.
nsubj det compound obj case det amod nmod punct root She PRON keeps VERB a DET nature NOUN diary NOUN like ADP a DET real ADJ naturalist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 keeps nsubj 2 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 diary det 4 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 5 diary compound 5 diary diary NOUN Number=Sing 2 keeps obj 6 like like ADP _ 9 naturalist case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 naturalist det 8 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 9 naturalist amod 9 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing 5 diary nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present She a nature diary like a real naturalist vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diary=Theme
Example 4 David Attenborough is a famous naturalist and broadcaster.
nsubj flat cop det amod cc conj punct root David PROPN Attenborough PROPN is AUX a DET famous ADJ naturalist NOUN and CCONJ broadcaster NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 David David PROPN Number=Sing 6 naturalist nsubj 2 Attenborough Attenborough PROPN Number=Sing 1 David flat 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 naturalist cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 naturalist det 5 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 naturalist amod 6 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 broadcaster cc 8 broadcaster broadcaster NOUN Number=Sing 6 naturalist conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 naturalist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present David a famous naturalist and broadcaster tree rules
Example 5 The naturalist sketched every butterfly she saw.
det nsubj det obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root The DET naturalist NOUN sketched VERB every DET butterfly NOUN she PRON saw VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 naturalist det 2 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing 3 sketched nsubj 3 sketched sketch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 5 butterfly det 5 butterfly butterfly NOUN Number=Sing 3 sketched obj 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 saw nsubj 7 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 butterfly acl:relcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sketched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sketch past the naturalist every butterfly vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent butterfly=Theme 2 see past naturalist every butterfly not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer butterfly=Stimulus
Example 6 Our class joined the Young Naturalists club.
nmod:poss nsubj det amod compound obj punct root Our PRON class NOUN joined VERB the DET Young ADJ Naturalists PROPN club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 joined nsubj 3 joined join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 club det 5 Young young ADJ Degree=Pos 7 club amod 6 Naturalists Naturalist PROPN Number=Plur 7 club compound 7 club club NOUN Number=Sing 3 joined obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 joined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join past Our class the Young Naturalists club vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Patient
Example 7 A naturalist needs patience and sharp eyes.
det nsubj obj cc amod conj punct root A DET naturalist NOUN needs VERB patience NOUN and CCONJ sharp ADJ eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 naturalist det 2 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs nsubj 3 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 patience patience NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 eyes cc 6 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 eyes amod 7 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 4 patience conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present a naturalist patience and sharp eyes vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot patience=Theme
Example 8 "There sits a good specimen of a toad," said the naturalist.
The tree, 11 words punct expl det amod obj case det nmod punct punct conj det nsubj punct root " PUNCT There PRON sits VERB a DET good ADJ specimen NOUN of ADP a DET toad NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET naturalist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 sits punct 2 There there PRON PronType=Dem 3 sits expl 3 sits sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 specimen det 5 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 6 specimen amod 6 specimen specimen NOUN Number=Sing 3 sits obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 toad case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 toad det 9 toad toad NOUN Number=Sing 6 specimen nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 3 sits punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 3 sits punct 12 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 sits conj 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 naturalist det 14 naturalist naturalist NOUN Number=Sing 12 said nsubj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 sits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit in a quote present a good specimen of a toad there vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location specimen=Theme 2 say speech: assert past the naturalist vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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