nicotine Who acts: chemical drug, people, drug, Cigarettes, Nicotine, Many vapes · What happens: find, be, make, addict, stop, contain · To what, where: chemical drug, tobacco plants, people, drug, nicotine, it
«nicotine» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: nicotine in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A chemical drug found in tobacco plants, cigarettes and vapes; it is poisonous and makes people addicted, so they find it very hard to stop.
The tree, 25 words det amod nsubj acl case compound obl punct conj cc conj punct nsubj cop cc conj obj xcomp punct advmod nsubj parataxis obj advmod xcomp mark xcomp punct root A DET chemical ADJ drug NOUN found VERB in ADP tobacco NOUN plants NOUN , PUNCT cigarettes NOUN and CCONJ vapes NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX poisonous ADJ and CCONJ makes VERB people NOUN addicted VERB , PUNCT so ADV they PRON find VERB it PRON very ADV hard ADJ to PART stop VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 drug det 2 chemical chemical ADJ Degree=Pos 3 drug amod 3 drug drug NOUN Number=Sing 15 poisonous nsubj 4 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 drug acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 plants case 6 tobacco tobacco NOUN Number=Sing 7 plants compound 7 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 4 found obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 cigarettes punct 9 cigarettes cigarette NOUN Number=Plur 7 plants conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 vapes cc 11 vapes vape NOUN Number=Plur 7 plants conj 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 poisonous punct 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 poisonous nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 poisonous cop 15 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 makes cc 17 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 poisonous conj 18 people people NOUN Number=Plur 17 makes obj 19 addicted addict VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 makes xcomp 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 find punct 21 so so ADV _ 23 find advmod 22 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 find nsubj 23 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 poisonous parataxis 24 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 find obj 25 very very ADV _ 26 hard advmod 26 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 23 find xcomp 27 to to PART _ 28 stop mark 28 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 hard xcomp 29 . . PUNCT _ 15 poisonous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find participle a chemical drug not said here tobacco plants and cigarettes and vapes vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 2 is present a chemical drug poisonous property tree rules 3 make present a chemical drug not said here people tree rules 4 addict participle people not said here vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent 5 find present people drug hard property vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic 6 stop to-infinitive drug not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Cigarettes contain nicotine.
nsubj obj punct root Cigarettes NOUN contain VERB nicotine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cigarettes cigarette NOUN Number=Plur 2 contain nsubj 2 contain contain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 nicotine nicotine NOUN Number=Sing 2 contain obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 contain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contain present Cigarettes nicotine vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot nicotine=Theme
Example 2 Nicotine makes it very hard for people to stop smoking.
nsubj obj advmod advmod mark nsubj mark advcl obj punct root Nicotine NOUN makes VERB it PRON very ADV hard ADV for SCONJ people NOUN to PART stop VERB smoking NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nicotine nicotine NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 makes obj 4 very very ADV _ 5 hard advmod 5 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 2 makes advmod 6 for for SCONJ _ 9 stop mark 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 stop nsubj 8 to to PART _ 9 stop mark 9 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 makes advcl 10 smoking smoking NOUN Number=Sing 9 stop obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Nicotine it hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 2 stop to-infinitive people smoking vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector smoking=Eventuality
Example 3 Many vapes have nicotine in them.
amod nsubj obj case nmod punct root Many ADJ vapes NOUN have VERB nicotine NOUN in ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 vapes amod 2 vapes vape NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 nicotine nicotine NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 them case 6 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 nicotine nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Many vapes nicotine in them = they vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nicotine=Patient
Example 4 Nicotine is harmful to growing brains.
nsubj cop mark advcl obj punct root Nicotine NOUN is AUX harmful ADJ to SCONJ growing VERB brains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nicotine nicotine NOUN Number=Sing 3 harmful nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 harmful cop 3 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to SCONJ _ 5 growing mark 5 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 harmful advcl 6 brains brain NOUN Number=Plur 5 growing obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 harmful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Nicotine harmful property tree rules 2 grow gerund Nicotine not said here brains vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location brain=Theme
Example 5 Liquid nicotine is poisonous if swallowed.
amod nsubj cop mark advcl punct root Liquid ADJ nicotine NOUN is AUX poisonous ADJ if SCONJ swallowed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Liquid liquid ADJ Degree=Pos 2 nicotine amod 2 nicotine nicotine NOUN Number=Sing 4 poisonous nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 poisonous cop 4 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 if if SCONJ _ 6 swallowed mark 6 swallowed swallow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 poisonous advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 poisonous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Liquid nicotine poisonous property tree rules 2 swallow a condition, not said to happen participle Liquid nicotine not said here vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Grandpa uses nicotine patches to help him quit smoking.
nsubj compound obj mark advcl obj xcomp obj punct root Grandpa NOUN uses VERB nicotine NOUN patches NOUN to PART help VERB him PRON quit VERB smoking NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa grandpa NOUN Number=Sing 2 uses nsubj 2 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 nicotine nicotine NOUN Number=Sing 4 patches compound 4 patches patch NOUN Number=Plur 2 uses obj 5 to to PART _ 6 help mark 6 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 uses advcl 7 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 help obj 8 quit quit VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 help xcomp 9 smoking smoking NOUN Number=Sing 8 quit obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Grandpa nicotine patches vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patch=Patient 2 help to-infinitive Grandpa not said here Grandpa vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 quit infinitive Grandpa not said here smoking vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smoking=Source
Example 7 Shops cannot sell nicotine products to children.
nsubj aux advmod compound obj case obl punct root Shops NOUN can AUX not PART sell VERB nicotine NOUN products NOUN to ADP children NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shops shop NOUN Number=Plur 4 sell nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 sell aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 sell advmod 4 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 nicotine nicotine NOUN Number=Sing 6 products compound 6 products product NOUN Number=Plur 4 sell obj 7 to to ADP _ 8 children case 8 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 sell obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 sell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not sell can Shops nicotine products children vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent product=Theme to child=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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