nightjar Who acts: brown speckled bird, song, We, nightjar, feathers, Nightjars · What happens: hunt, make, whir, churr, sleep, hide · To what, where: moths, long, song, ground, nightjar, heath
«nightjar» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: nightjar in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A brown, speckled bird that hunts moths at dusk and at night and makes a long, whirring, churring song. It sleeps on the ground or along a branch in the day, hidden by its camouflage.
Sentence 1: A brown, speckled bird that hunts moths at dusk and at night and makes a long, whirring, churring song.
The tree, 19 words det amod punct amod nsubj acl:relcl obj case obl cc case conj cc conj det obj punct advcl punct conj obj punct root A DET brown ADJ , PUNCT speckled ADJ bird NOUN that PRON hunts VERB moths NOUN at ADP dusk NOUN and CCONJ at ADP night NOUN and CCONJ makes VERB a DET long ADJ , PUNCT whirring VERB , PUNCT churring VERB song NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bird det 2 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bird amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 brown punct 4 speckled speckled ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bird amod 5 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 hunts nsubj 7 hunts hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bird acl:relcl 8 moths moth NOUN Number=Plur 7 hunts obj 9 at at ADP _ 10 dusk case 10 dusk dusk NOUN Number=Sing 7 hunts obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 night cc 12 at at ADP _ 13 night case 13 night night NOUN Number=Sing 10 dusk conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 makes cc 15 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hunts conj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 long det 17 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 15 makes obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 whirring punct 19 whirring whir VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 makes advcl 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 churring punct 21 churring churr VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 19 whirring conj 22 song song NOUN Number=Sing 21 churring obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present a brown speckled bird moths dusk vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme 2 make present a brown speckled bird not said here a long vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset long=Product 3 whir gerund a brown speckled bird not said here vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 churr gerund a brown speckled bird not said here song tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It sleeps on the ground or along a branch in the day, hidden by its camouflage.
The tree, 16 words nsubj case det obl cc case det conj case det obl punct conj case nmod:poss obl punct root It PRON sleeps VERB on ADP the DET ground NOUN or CCONJ along ADP a DET branch NOUN in ADP the DET day NOUN , PUNCT hidden VERB by ADP its PRON camouflage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sleeps nsubj 2 sleeps sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 ground case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ground det 5 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleeps obl 6 or or CCONJ _ 9 branch cc 7 along along ADP _ 9 branch case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 branch det 9 branch branch NOUN Number=Sing 5 ground conj 10 in in ADP _ 12 day case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 day det 12 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleeps obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 hidden punct 14 hidden hide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 sleeps conj 15 by by ADP _ 17 camouflage case 16 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 camouflage nmod:poss 17 camouflage camouflage NOUN Number=Sing 14 hidden obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 sleeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present song the ground or a branch day vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 hide participle song not said here by song's camouflage vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by camouflage=Location
Example 1 We heard a nightjar churring on the heath.
nsubj det obj acl case det obl punct root We PRON heard VERB a DET nightjar NOUN churring VERB on ADP the DET heath NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 nightjar det 4 nightjar nightjar NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 5 churring churr VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 nightjar acl 6 on on ADP _ 8 heath case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 heath det 8 heath heath NOUN Number=Sing 5 churring obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We a nightjar vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer nightjar=Stimulus 2 churr gerund a nightjar not said here the heath tree rules
Example 2 A nightjar's feathers look just like dead leaves.
det nmod:poss case nsubj advmod case amod obl punct root A DET nightjar NOUN 's PART feathers NOUN look VERB just ADV like ADP dead ADJ leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 nightjar det 2 nightjar nightjar NOUN Number=Sing 4 feathers nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 nightjar case 4 feathers feather NOUN Number=Plur 5 look nsubj 5 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 just just ADV _ 9 leaves advmod 7 like like ADP _ 9 leaves case 8 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 9 leaves amod 9 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 look obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present a nightjar's feathers like dead leaves vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 3 Nightjars catch moths in the dark.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root Nightjars NOUN catch VERB moths NOUN in ADP the DET dark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nightjars nightjar NOUN Number=Plur 2 catch nsubj 2 catch catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 moths moth NOUN Number=Plur 2 catch obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 dark case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dark det 6 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 2 catch obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 catch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch present Nightjars moths the dark vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme
Example 4 The nightjar sat so still we nearly stepped on it.
det nsubj advmod advmod nsubj advmod parataxis case obl punct root The DET nightjar NOUN sat VERB so ADV still ADV we PRON nearly ADV stepped VERB on ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 nightjar det 2 nightjar nightjar NOUN Number=Sing 3 sat nsubj 3 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 so so ADV _ 5 still advmod 5 still still ADV _ 3 sat advmod 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 stepped nsubj 7 nearly nearly ADV _ 8 stepped advmod 8 stepped step VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 sat parataxis 9 on on ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 stepped obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past the nightjar still vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 step past we nightjar nearly property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Trajectory
Example 5 In autumn the nightjars fly back to Africa.
case obl det nsubj advmod case obl punct root In ADP autumn NOUN the DET nightjars NOUN fly VERB back ADV to ADP Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 autumn case 2 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 5 fly obl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 nightjars det 4 nightjars nightjar NOUN Number=Plur 5 fly nsubj 5 fly fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 back back ADV _ 5 fly advmod 7 to to ADP _ 8 Africa case 8 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 5 fly obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly back present the nightjars Africa autumn vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result
Example 6 The ranger took us on a walk to listen for nightjars.
det nsubj iobj case det obl mark advcl case obl punct root The DET ranger NOUN took VERB us PRON on ADP a DET walk NOUN to PART listen VERB for ADP nightjars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ranger det 2 ranger ranger NOUN Number=Sing 3 took nsubj 3 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 took iobj 5 on on ADP _ 7 walk case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 walk det 7 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 3 took obl 8 to to PART _ 9 listen mark 9 listen listen VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 took advcl 10 for for ADP _ 11 nightjars case 11 nightjars nightjar NOUN Number=Plur 9 listen obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the ranger us a walk vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent we=Theme on walk=Destination 2 listen to-infinitive the ranger not said here for nightjars vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for nightjar=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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