none Who acts: None, you, He, I, baking, Her · What happens: not mean, leave, be, say, not be, give away · To what, where: one, none, zero, single one, rude way, cards · Speech: someone speaks here
«none» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: none in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 None means not one, or not any. If none are left, zero are left.
Sentence 1: None means not one, or not any.
nsubj advmod obj punct cc advmod parataxis punct root None PRON means VERB not PART one NUM , PUNCT or CCONJ not PART any DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 None none PRON PronType=Neg 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 means advmod 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 means obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 any punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 any cc 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 any advmod 8 any any DET PronType=Ind 4 one parataxis 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present None one vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: If none are left, zero are left.
mark nsubj aux:pass advcl punct nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root If SCONJ none PRON are AUX left VERB , PUNCT zero NUM are AUX left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 left mark 2 none none PRON PronType=Neg 4 left nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 left aux:pass 4 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 left advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 left punct 6 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 left nsubj:pass 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 left aux:pass 8 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave a condition, not said to happen present · passive none vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 leave present · passive zero vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Meaning 2 «None of» a group means not a single one of them.
punct nsubj case punct det nmod advmod det amod obj case nmod punct root « PUNCT None PRON of ADP » PUNCT a DET group NOUN means VERB not PART a DET single ADJ one NOUN of ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 None punct 2 None none PRON PronType=Neg 7 means nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 group case 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 of punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 group det 6 group group NOUN Number=Sing 2 None nmod 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 means advmod 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 one det 10 single single ADJ Degree=Pos 11 one amod 11 one one NOUN Number=Sing 7 means obj 12 of of ADP _ 13 them case 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 one nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present None a single one of them vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic
Meaning 3 «None of your business» is a rude way to say «that is not for you to know».
The tree, 17 words punct nsubj case nmod:poss nmod punct cop det amod mark acl punct obl cop advmod mark nsubj mark ccomp punct punct root « PUNCT None PRON of ADP your PRON business NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET rude ADJ way NOUN to PART say VERB « PUNCT that PRON is AUX not PART for SCONJ you PRON to PART know VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 None punct 2 None none PRON PronType=Neg 10 way nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 business case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 business nmod:poss 5 business business NOUN Number=Sing 2 None nmod 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 None punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 way cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 way det 9 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way amod 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 to to PART _ 12 say mark 12 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 way acl 13 « « PUNCT _ 20 know punct 14 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 20 know obl 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 know cop 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 20 know advmod 17 for for SCONJ _ 20 know mark 18 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 know nsubj 19 to to PART _ 20 know mark 20 know know VERB Mood=Sub Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 say ccomp 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 know punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present None a rude way tree rules 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 not is in a quote present you that obl ; know property tree rules
Example 1 None of the apples were rotten.
nsubj case det nmod cop punct root None PRON of ADP the DET apples NOUN were AUX rotten ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 None none PRON PronType=Neg 6 rotten nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 apples case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 apples det 4 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 1 None nmod 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 rotten cop 6 rotten rotten ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 rotten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past None rotten property tree rules
Example 2 He gave away all his cards, so he has none.
nsubj advmod det:predet nmod:poss obj punct advmod nsubj conj obj punct root He PRON gave VERB away ADV all DET his PRON cards NOUN , PUNCT so ADV he PRON has VERB none PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 away away ADV _ 2 gave advmod 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 cards det:predet 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 cards nmod:poss 6 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 2 gave obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 has punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 has advmod 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 has nsubj 10 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 gave conj 11 none none PRON PronType=Neg 10 has obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give away past He his cards away property vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent card=Theme 2 have present he none vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Patient
Example 3 None of the boys wore hats.
nsubj case det nmod obj punct root None PRON of ADP the DET boys NOUN wore VERB hats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 None none PRON PronType=Neg 5 wore nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 boys case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 boys det 4 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 1 None nmod 5 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 hats hat NOUN Number=Plur 5 wore obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past None hats vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme
Example 4 How many cookies are left? None!
Sentence 1: How many cookies are left?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root How ADV many ADJ cookies NOUN are AUX left VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cookies amod 3 cookies cookie NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive many cookies vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Sentence 2: None!
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 None none PRON PronType=Neg root root 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 None punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 None of the seeds grew in the dark cupboard.
nsubj case det nmod case det amod obl punct root None PRON of ADP the DET seeds NOUN grew VERB in ADP the DET dark ADJ cupboard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 None none PRON PronType=Neg 5 grew nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 seeds case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 seeds det 4 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 1 None nmod 5 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 in in ADP _ 9 cupboard case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cupboard det 8 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 9 cupboard amod 9 cupboard cupboard NOUN Number=Sing 5 grew obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past None the dark cupboard vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cupboard=Location
Example 6 I looked for my shoe, but there was none under the bed.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct cc expl parataxis nsubj case det nmod punct root I PRON looked VERB for ADP my PRON shoe NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ there PRON was VERB none PRON under ADP the DET bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 5 shoe case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 shoe nmod:poss 5 shoe shoe NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 was punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 9 was cc 8 there there PRON PronType=Dem 9 was expl 9 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 looked parataxis 10 none none PRON PronType=Neg 9 was nsubj 11 under under ADP _ 13 bed case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 bed det 13 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 10 none nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past I for my shoe vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for shoe=Theme 2 be past none there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Her baking is second to none.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case obl punct root Her PRON baking NOUN is AUX second ADJ to ADP none PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 baking nmod:poss 2 baking baking NOUN Number=Sing 4 second nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 second cop 4 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord root root 5 to to ADP _ 6 none case 6 none none PRON PronType=Neg 4 second obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 second punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Her baking to none; second property tree rules 2 bake Her = she nom baking «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 None of my friends were at the park.
nsubj case nmod:poss nmod cop case det punct root None PRON of ADP my PRON friends NOUN were AUX at ADP the DET park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 None none PRON PronType=Neg 8 park nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 friends case 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 friends nmod:poss 4 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 1 None nmod 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 park cop 6 at at ADP _ 8 park case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 park det 8 park park NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 park punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past None the park tree rules
Example 9 None of us has any pockets.”
nsubj case nmod det obj punct punct root None PRON of ADP us PRON has VERB any DET pockets NOUN . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 None none PRON PronType=Neg 4 has nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 us case 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 None nmod 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 any any DET PronType=Ind 6 pockets det 6 pockets pocket NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct 8 ” " PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present None any pockets vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pocket=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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