north Who acts: North, other three, part, we, North Pole, He · What happens: be, lie, mean, go, drive, walk · To what, where: one, part, direction, north, northern point, 5 km
«north» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: north in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 North is one of the four main directions, towards the top of most maps. The other three are south, east and west.
Sentence 1: North is one of the four main directions, towards the top of most maps.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop case det nummod amod nmod punct case det appos case amod nmod punct root North PROPN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET four NUM main ADJ directions NOUN , PUNCT towards ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP most ADJ maps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 North North PROPN Number=Sing 3 one nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 one cop 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 4 of of ADP _ 8 directions case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 directions det 6 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 directions nummod 7 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 8 directions amod 8 directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 3 one nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 top punct 10 towards towards ADP _ 12 top case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 top det 12 top top NOUN Number=Sing 8 directions appos 13 of of ADP _ 15 maps case 14 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 15 maps amod 15 maps map NOUN Number=Plur 12 top nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present North one of the four main directions tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The other three are south, east and west.
det amod nsubj cop advmod punct cc conj punct root The DET other ADJ three NUM are AUX south ADV , PUNCT east ADV and CCONJ west ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 three det 2 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 3 three amod 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 east nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 east cop 5 south south ADV _ 7 east advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 east punct 7 east east ADV _ root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 west cc 9 west west ADV _ 7 east conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 east punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the other three east, south property tree rules
Meaning 2 The north of a country or place is the part that lies in that direction.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj case det nmod cc conj cop det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct root The DET north NOUN of ADP a DET country NOUN or CCONJ place NOUN is AUX the DET part NOUN that PRON lies VERB in ADP that DET direction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 north det 2 north north NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 country case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 country det 5 country country NOUN Number=Sing 2 north nmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 place cc 7 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 country conj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 part cop 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 part det 10 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 lies nsubj 12 lies lie VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 part acl:relcl 13 in in ADP _ 15 direction case 14 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 15 direction det 15 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 12 lies obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the north of a country or place the part tree rules 2 lie present the part that direction vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in direction=Location
Meaning 3 North also means going towards the north: we drove north.
nsubj advmod xcomp case det obl punct nsubj conj advmod punct root North PROPN also ADV means VERB going VERB towards ADP the DET north NOUN : PUNCT we PRON drove VERB north ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 North North PROPN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means xcomp 5 towards towards ADP _ 7 north case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 north det 7 north north NOUN Number=Sing 4 going obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 drove punct 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 drove nsubj 10 drove drive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 means conj 11 north north ADV _ 10 drove advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present North vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go not said to happen gerund North not said here the north vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards north=Initial_Location 3 drive past we north property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 The North Pole is the most northern point of the Earth.
det compound nsubj cop det advmod amod case det nmod punct root The DET North PROPN Pole PROPN is AUX the DET most ADV northern ADJ point NOUN of ADP the DET Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Pole det 2 North North PROPN Number=Sing 3 Pole compound 3 Pole Pole PROPN Number=Sing 8 point nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 point cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 point det 6 most most ADV Degree=Sup 7 northern advmod 7 northern northern ADJ Degree=Pos 8 point amod 8 point point NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 11 Earth case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Earth det 11 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 8 point nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 point punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the North Pole the northern point of the Earth tree rules
Example 1 He walked 5 km north and then 3 km south. How far is he from the start?
Sentence 1: He walked 5 km north and then 3 km south.
nsubj nummod obj advmod cc advmod nummod obl advmod punct root He PRON walked VERB 5 NUM km NOUN north ADV and CCONJ then ADV 3 NUM km NOUN south ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 km nummod 4 km km NOUN Number=Plur 2 walked obj 5 north north ADV _ 2 walked advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 km cc 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 9 km advmod 8 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 km nummod 9 km km NOUN Number=Plur 2 walked obl 10 south south ADV _ 9 km advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past He 5 km 3 km obl ; north property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme km=Trajectory
Sentence 2: How far is he from the start?
advmod advmod cop nsubj case det punct root How ADV far ADV is AUX he PRON from ADP the DET start NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 far advmod 2 far far ADV Degree=Pos 7 start advmod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 start cop 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 start nsubj 5 from from ADP _ 7 start case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 start det 7 start start NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present he the start far property tree rules
Example 2 The town is 20 km north of the city.
det nsubj cop nummod advmod case det obl punct root The DET town NOUN is AUX 20 NUM km NOUN north ADV of ADP the DET city NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 town det 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 5 km nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 km cop 4 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 km nummod 5 km km NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 north north ADV _ 5 km advmod 7 of of ADP _ 9 city case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 city det 9 city city NOUN Number=Sing 6 north obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 km punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the town 20 km north property tree rules
Example 3 The north side of the garden is 10 m long.
det amod nsubj case det nmod cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET north ADJ side NOUN of ADP the DET garden NOUN is AUX 10 NUM m NOUN long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 side det 2 north north ADJ Degree=Pos 3 side amod 3 side side NOUN Number=Sing 10 long nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 garden case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 garden det 6 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 3 side nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 long cop 8 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 m nummod 9 m m NOUN Number=Plur 10 long obl:unmarked 10 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the north side of the garden 10 m obl:unmarked ; long property tree rules
Example 4 Birds fly north in spring.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root Birds NOUN fly VERB north ADV in ADP spring NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 2 fly nsubj 2 fly fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 north north ADV _ 2 fly advmod 4 in in ADP _ 5 spring case 5 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 2 fly obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly present Birds spring north property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 A compass needle always points north.
det compound nsubj advmod advmod punct root A DET compass NOUN needle NOUN always ADV points VERB north ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 needle det 2 compass compass NOUN Number=Sing 3 needle compound 3 needle needle NOUN Number=Sing 5 points nsubj 4 always always ADV PronType=Tot 5 points advmod 5 points point VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 north north ADV _ 5 points advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 points punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 point present a compass needle always, north property vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Polar bears live near the North Pole.
amod nsubj case det compound obl punct root Polar ADJ bears NOUN live VERB near ADP the DET North PROPN Pole PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Polar polar ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bears amod 2 bears bear NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 3 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 near near ADP _ 7 Pole case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Pole det 6 North North PROPN Number=Sing 7 Pole compound 7 Pole Pole PROPN Number=Sing 3 live obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Polar bears the North Pole vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near pole=Location
Example 7 Our school is north of the river.
nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod case det punct root Our PRON school NOUN is AUX north ADV of ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 river nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 river cop 4 north north ADV _ 7 river advmod 5 of of ADP _ 7 river case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 river det 7 river river NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 river punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Our school of the river; north property tree rules
Example 8 Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.
nsubj cop case det case flat nmod punct root Scotland PROPN is AUX in ADP the DET north NOUN of ADP Great PROPN Britain PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scotland Scotland PROPN Number=Sing 5 north nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 north cop 3 in in ADP _ 5 north case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 north det 5 north north NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 Britain case 7 Great Great PROPN Number=Sing 8 Britain flat 8 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 5 north nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 north punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Scotland the north of Great Britain tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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