noxious Who acts: Harmful weeds, factory, you, bleach, noxious smell, Car exhaust · What happens: be, let out, not mix, make, come, list · To what, where: pest, noxious fumes, bleach, noxious gases, drain, plants
«noxious» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: noxious in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Harmful or poisonous, especially gases, fumes and chemicals.
amod cc conj punct advmod punct conj cc conj punct root Harmful ADJ or CCONJ poisonous ADJ , PUNCT especially ADV gases NOUN , PUNCT fumes NOUN and CCONJ chemicals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 gases amod 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 poisonous cc 3 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Harmful conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 gases punct 5 especially especially ADV _ 6 gases advmod 6 gases gas NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 fumes punct 8 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 6 gases conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 chemicals cc 10 chemicals chemical NOUN Number=Plur 6 gases conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 gases punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2 Very unpleasant, as in "a noxious smell".
advmod punct mark case punct det amod conj punct punct root Very ADV unpleasant ADJ , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP " PUNCT a DET noxious ADJ smell NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 unpleasant advmod 2 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 9 smell punct 4 as as SCONJ _ 9 smell mark 5 in in ADP _ 9 smell case 6 " " PUNCT _ 9 smell punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 smell det 8 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 9 smell amod 9 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 2 unpleasant conj 10 " " PUNCT _ 9 smell punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 unpleasant punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 Usage: of plants — kept apart, not parsed.
Harmful weeds that are a pest to farms, as in "noxious weeds" (Australia, US, Canada).
The tree, 15 words amod nsubj cop det acl:relcl case nmod punct case case punct amod conj punct punct appos punct conj punct conj punct punct root Harmful ADJ weeds NOUN that PRON are AUX a DET pest NOUN to ADP farms NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP " PUNCT noxious ADJ weeds NOUN " PUNCT ( PUNCT Australia PROPN , PUNCT US PROPN , PUNCT Canada PROPN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 2 weeds amod 2 weeds weed NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 pest nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pest cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pest det 6 pest pest NOUN Number=Sing 2 weeds acl:relcl 7 to to ADP _ 8 farms case 8 farms farm NOUN Number=Plur 6 pest nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 weeds punct 10 as as ADP _ 14 weeds case 11 in in ADP _ 14 weeds case 12 " " PUNCT _ 14 weeds punct 13 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 14 weeds amod 14 weeds weed NOUN Number=Plur 8 farms conj 15 " " PUNCT _ 14 weeds punct 16 ( ( PUNCT _ 17 Australia punct 17 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 14 weeds appos 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 US punct 19 US US PROPN Number=Sing 17 Australia conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 Canada punct 21 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 17 Australia conj 22 ) ) PUNCT _ 17 Australia punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 weeds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Harmful weeds a pest to farms and noxious weeds tree rules
Example 1 The factory let out noxious fumes.
det nsubj compound:prt amod obj punct root The DET factory NOUN let VERB out ADP noxious ADJ fumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 factory det 2 factory factory NOUN Number=Sing 3 let nsubj 3 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 let compound:prt 5 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fumes amod 6 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 3 let obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let out infinitive the factory noxious fumes vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fume=Theme
Example 2 Never mix bleach with other cleaners; it makes noxious gases.
advmod obj case amod obl punct nsubj parataxis amod obj punct root Never ADV mix VERB bleach NOUN with ADP other ADJ cleaners NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON makes VERB noxious ADJ gases NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 mix advmod 2 mix mix VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bleach bleach NOUN Number=Sing 2 mix obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 cleaners case 5 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cleaners amod 6 cleaners cleaner NOUN Number=Plur 2 mix obl 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 makes punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 makes nsubj 9 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 mix parataxis 10 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 11 gases amod 11 gases gas NOUN Number=Plur 9 makes obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 mix punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mix imperative you not said here bleach with other cleaners vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bleach=Patient with cleaner=Co-Patient 2 make present bleach noxious gases vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material gas=Product
Example 3 A noxious smell came from the drain.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root A DET noxious ADJ smell NOUN came VERB from ADP the DET drain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 smell det 2 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 3 smell amod 3 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 drain case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 drain det 7 drain drain NOUN Number=Sing 4 came obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a noxious smell the drain vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from drain=Initial_Location
Example 4 Some plants are listed as noxious weeds.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root Some DET plants NOUN are AUX listed VERB as ADP noxious ADJ weeds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 plants det 2 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 4 listed nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 listed aux:pass 4 listed list VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 as as ADP _ 7 weeds case 6 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 7 weeds amod 7 weeds weed NOUN Number=Plur 4 listed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 listed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 list present · passive some plants as noxious weeds tree rules
Example 5 Car exhaust contains noxious gases.
compound nsubj amod obj punct root Car NOUN exhaust NOUN contains VERB noxious ADJ gases NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Car car NOUN Number=Sing 2 exhaust compound 2 exhaust exhaust NOUN Number=Sing 3 contains nsubj 3 contains contain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 gases amod 5 gases gas NOUN Number=Plur 3 contains obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 contains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contain present Car exhaust noxious gases vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gas=Theme
Example 6 The witch stirred a noxious green potion.
det nsubj det amod amod obj punct root The DET witch NOUN stirred VERB a DET noxious ADJ green ADJ potion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 witch det 2 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 3 stirred nsubj 3 stirred stir VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 potion det 5 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 7 potion amod 6 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 7 potion amod 7 potion potion NOUN Number=Sing 3 stirred obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stirred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stir past the witch a noxious green potion vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus potion=Experiencer
Example 7 The firefighters wore masks against the noxious smoke.
det nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root The DET firefighters NOUN wore VERB masks NOUN against ADP the DET noxious ADJ smoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 firefighters det 2 firefighters firefighter NOUN Number=Plur 3 wore nsubj 3 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 masks mask NOUN Number=Plur 3 wore obj 5 against against ADP _ 8 smoke case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 smoke det 7 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 8 smoke amod 8 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past the firefighters masks against the noxious smoke vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mask=Theme
Example 8 By the influence of his warm and gentle rays he disperses the noxious vapours of the night, assists the grain to ripen and the flowers to bloom.
The tree, 27 words case det obl case nmod:poss amod cc conj nmod nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct conj det obj mark advcl cc det obj mark advcl punct root By ADP the DET influence NOUN of ADP his PRON warm ADJ and CCONJ gentle ADJ rays NOUN he PRON disperses VERB the DET noxious ADJ vapours NOUN of ADP the DET night NOUN , PUNCT assists VERB the DET grain NOUN to PART ripen VERB and CCONJ the DET flowers NOUN to PART bloom VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 By by ADP _ 3 influence case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 influence det 3 influence influence NOUN Number=Sing 11 disperses obl 4 of of ADP _ 9 rays case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 rays nmod:poss 6 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 9 rays amod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 gentle cc 8 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 6 warm conj 9 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 3 influence nmod 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 disperses nsubj 11 disperses disperse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 vapours det 13 noxious noxious ADJ Degree=Pos 14 vapours amod 14 vapours vapour NOUN Number=Plur 11 disperses obj 15 of of ADP _ 17 night case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 night det 17 night night NOUN Number=Sing 14 vapours nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 assists punct 19 assists assist VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 disperses conj 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 grain det 21 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 19 assists obj 22 to to PART _ 23 ripen mark 23 ripen ripen VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 assists advcl 24 and and CCONJ _ 26 flowers cc 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 flowers det 26 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 23 ripen obj 27 to to PART _ 28 bloom mark 28 bloom bloom VERB VerbForm=Inf 23 ripen advcl 29 . . PUNCT _ 11 disperses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disperse present he the noxious vapours of the night by the influence of his warm rays vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent vapour=Patient 2 assist present he not said here the grain vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Beneficiary 3 ripen to-infinitive he not said here the flowers vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent flower=Patient 4 bloom to-infinitive he not said here vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 ray his = he nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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