observation Who acts: Observation, you, doctors, your, birds, My · What happens: watch, learn, be, notice, record, mean · To what, where: something, science, remark, observation, observations, table · Speech: someone speaks here
«observation» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: observation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Observation is watching something carefully to learn about it.
nsubj aux obj advmod mark advcl case obl punct root Observation NOUN is AUX watching VERB something PRON carefully ADV to PART learn VERB about ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 3 watching nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 watching aux 3 watching watch VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 watching obj 5 carefully carefully ADV _ 3 watching advmod 6 to to PART _ 7 learn mark 7 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 watching advcl 8 about about ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 learn obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 watching punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch present · progressive Observation something carefully property vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 learn to-infinitive Observation not said here about Observation vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An observation is something you noticed or recorded, often in science.
det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl cc conj punct advmod case obl punct root An DET observation NOUN is AUX something PRON you PRON noticed VERB or CCONJ recorded VERB , PUNCT often ADV in ADP science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 observation det 2 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 noticed nsubj 6 noticed notice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 recorded cc 8 recorded record VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 noticed conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 science punct 10 often often ADV _ 12 science advmod 11 in in ADP _ 12 science case 12 science science NOUN Number=Sing 8 recorded obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a observation something tree rules 2 notice past you vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 3 record participle you not said here science vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in science=Destination
Meaning 3 An observation is a remark or comment about something you noticed.
det nsubj cop det cc conj case nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct root An DET observation NOUN is AUX a DET remark NOUN or CCONJ comment NOUN about ADP something PRON you PRON noticed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 observation det 2 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 5 remark nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 remark cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 remark det 5 remark remark NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 comment cc 7 comment comment NOUN Number=Sing 5 remark conj 8 about about ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 comment nmod 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 noticed nsubj 11 noticed notice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 something acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 remark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a observation a remark or comment about something tree rules 2 notice past you vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 4 Under observation means being watched carefully, for example by doctors.
case obl aux:pass ccomp advmod punct case obl case obl punct root Under ADP observation NOUN means VERB being AUX watched VERB carefully ADV , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN by ADP doctors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Under under ADP _ 2 observation case 2 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obl 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 watched aux:pass 5 watched watch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means ccomp 6 carefully carefully ADV _ 5 watched advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 example punct 8 for for ADP _ 9 example case 9 example example NOUN Number=Sing 5 watched obl 10 by by ADP _ 11 doctors case 11 doctors doctor NOUN Number=Plur 5 watched obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present observation vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 watch gerund · passive doctors for example; carefully property vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for example=Theme
Example 1 Write down your observations in the table.
compound:prt nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Write VERB down ADP your PRON observations NOUN in ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 down down ADP _ 1 Write compound:prt 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 observations nmod:poss 4 observations observation NOUN Number=Plur 1 Write obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 table case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 table det 7 table table NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write down imperative you not said here your observations the table vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent observation=Theme in table=Destination 2 observe your nom observation «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 Observation of the birds showed they came every morning.
nsubj case det nmod nsubj ccomp det obl:unmarked punct root Observation NOUN of ADP the DET birds NOUN showed VERB they PRON came VERB every DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 5 showed nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 birds case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 birds det 4 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 1 Observation nmod 5 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 came nsubj 7 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 showed ccomp 8 every every DET PronType=Tot 9 morning det 9 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 7 came obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Observation of the birds vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 come past birds = bird morning vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 observe the birds nom observation «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 My observation is that the ice melted faster in the sun.
nmod:poss nsubj cop mark det nsubj advmod case det obl root My PRON observation NOUN is AUX that SCONJ the DET ice NOUN melted VERB faster ADV in ADP the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 observation nmod:poss 2 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 7 melted nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 melted cop 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 melted mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ice det 6 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 7 melted nsubj 7 melted melt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 7 melted advmod 9 in in ADP _ 11 sun. case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sun. det 11 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 7 melted obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My observation the sun. fast, melt property tree rules 2 observe My nom observation «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The doctor kept her under observation overnight.
det nsubj obj case obl advmod punct root The DET doctor NOUN kept VERB her PRON under ADP observation NOUN overnight ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 kept nsubj 3 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 kept obj 5 under under ADP _ 6 observation case 6 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 3 kept obl 7 overnight overnight ADV _ 3 kept advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past the doctor her = she observation overnight property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent she=Theme under observation=Location
Example 5 She has great powers of observation.
nsubj amod obj case nmod punct root She PRON has VERB great ADJ powers NOUN of ADP observation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 powers amod 4 powers power NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 observation case 6 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 4 powers nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She great powers of observation vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient
Example 6 Our observation lasted ten minutes.
nmod:poss nsubj nummod obj punct root Our PRON observation NOUN lasted VERB ten NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 observation nmod:poss 2 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 3 lasted nsubj 3 lasted last VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 minutes nummod 5 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 3 lasted obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 lasted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 last past Our observation minute vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme 2 observe Our nom observation «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 That's an interesting observation, Jack.
nsubj cop det amod punct appos punct root That PRON 's AUX an DET interesting ADJ observation NOUN , PUNCT Jack PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 observation nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 observation cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 observation det 4 interesting interesting ADJ Degree=Pos 5 observation amod 5 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 Jack punct 7 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 5 observation appos 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 observation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present That a interesting observation tree rules
Example 8 We made 12 observations, one every 5 minutes, so the test lasted an hour.
The tree, 14 words nsubj nummod obj punct appos det nummod nmod:unmarked punct advmod det nsubj parataxis det obj punct root We PRON made VERB 12 NUM observations NOUN , PUNCT one NUM every DET 5 NUM minutes NOUN , PUNCT so ADV the DET test NOUN lasted VERB an DET hour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 observations nummod 4 observations observation NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 one punct 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 observations appos 7 every every DET PronType=Tot 9 minutes det 8 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 minutes nummod 9 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 6 one nmod:unmarked 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 lasted punct 11 so so ADV _ 14 lasted advmod 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 test det 13 test test NOUN Number=Sing 14 lasted nsubj 14 lasted last VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 made parataxis 15 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 hour det 16 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 14 lasted obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We 12 observations vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent observation=Product 2 last past the test hour vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
Example 9 He always coughed before he made any observation, so as to attract attention.
The tree, 13 words nsubj advmod mark nsubj ccomp det obj punct advmod mark mark advcl obj punct root He PRON always ADV coughed VERB before SCONJ he PRON made VERB any DET observation NOUN , PUNCT so ADV as SCONJ to PART attract VERB attention NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 coughed nsubj 2 always always ADV PronType=Tot 3 coughed advmod 3 coughed cough VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 made mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 made nsubj 6 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 coughed ccomp 7 any any DET PronType=Ind 8 observation det 8 observation observation NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 attract punct 10 so so ADV _ 13 attract advmod 11 as as SCONJ _ 13 attract mark 12 to to PART _ 13 attract mark 13 attract attract VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 coughed advcl 14 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 13 attract obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 coughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cough past He always property tree rules 2 make past he any observation vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent observation=Product 3 attract to-infinitive He not said here attention vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attention=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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