offence Who acts: offence, act, someone, players, polite phrase, you · What happens: be, break, insult, say, do, attack · To what, where: crime, law, feeling, team, polite phrase, someone · Speech: someone speaks here
«offence» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: offence in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An offence is a crime or an act that breaks a law or rule.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det cc det conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj cc conj punct root An DET offence NOUN is AUX a DET crime NOUN or CCONJ an DET act NOUN that PRON breaks VERB a DET law NOUN or CCONJ rule NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 offence det 2 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 5 crime nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 crime cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 crime det 5 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 act cc 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 act det 8 act act NOUN Number=Sing 5 crime conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 breaks nsubj 10 breaks break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 act acl:relcl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 law det 12 law law NOUN Number=Sing 10 breaks obj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 rule cc 14 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 12 law conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 crime punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a offence a crime or a act tree rules 2 break present a act a law or rule vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Offence is the feeling of being upset or insulted by what someone says or does.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det case cop nmod cc conj case obl nsubj acl:relcl cc conj punct root Offence NOUN is AUX the DET feeling NOUN of ADP being AUX upset ADJ or CCONJ insulted VERB by ADP what PRON someone PRON says VERB or CCONJ does VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 4 feeling nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 feeling cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 feeling det 4 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 upset case 6 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 upset cop 7 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 4 feeling nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 insulted cc 9 insulted insult VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 upset conj 10 by by ADP _ 11 what case 11 what what PRON PronType=Rel 9 insulted obl 12 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 says nsubj 13 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 what acl:relcl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 does cc 15 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 says conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Offence the feeling tree rules 2 is gerund upset property tree rules 3 insult participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 say speech: assert present someone vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 5 do present someone not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: US «offense», sport — kept apart, not parsed.
The offence is the team or players who are attacking and trying to score.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj aux acl:relcl cc conj mark xcomp punct root The DET offence NOUN is AUX the DET team NOUN or CCONJ players NOUN who PRON are AUX attacking VERB and CCONJ trying VERB to PART score VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 offence det 2 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 5 team nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 team cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 team det 5 team team NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 players cc 7 players player NOUN Number=Plur 5 team conj 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 attacking nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 attacking aux 10 attacking attack VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 players acl:relcl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 trying cc 12 trying try VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 attacking conj 13 to to PART _ 14 score mark 14 score score VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 trying xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 team punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the offence the team or players tree rules 2 attack present · progressive players vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 try gerund players not said here vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 score not said to happen to-infinitive players not said here vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 "No offence" is a polite phrase that asks someone not to be upset by what you are about to say.
The tree, 20 words punct det nsubj punct cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl obj advmod mark cop parataxis case obl nsubj cop acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root " PUNCT No DET offence NOUN " PUNCT is AUX a DET polite ADJ phrase NOUN that PRON asks VERB someone PRON not PART to PART be AUX upset ADJ by ADP what PRON you PRON are AUX about ADJ to PART say VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 offence punct 2 No no DET PronType=Neg 3 offence det 3 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 8 phrase nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 offence punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 phrase cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 phrase det 7 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 8 phrase amod 8 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 asks nsubj 10 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 phrase acl:relcl 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 asks obj 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 upset advmod 13 to to PART _ 15 upset mark 14 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 15 upset cop 15 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 10 asks parataxis 16 by by ADP _ 17 what case 17 what what PRON PronType=Rel 15 upset obl 18 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 about nsubj 19 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 about cop 20 about about ADJ Degree=Pos 17 what acl:relcl 21 to to PART _ 22 say mark 22 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 about xcomp 23 . . PUNCT _ 8 phrase punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present no offence a polite phrase tree rules 2 ask speech: ask present a polite phrase someone vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient 3 not is to-infinitive upset property tree rules 4 is present you about property tree rules 5 say speech: assert to-infinitive you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Dropping litter is an offence in many towns.
csubj obj cop det case amod nmod punct root Dropping VERB litter NOUN is AUX an DET offence NOUN in ADP many ADJ towns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dropping drop VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 offence csubj 2 litter litter NOUN Number=Sing 1 Dropping obj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 offence cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 offence det 5 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 towns case 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 towns amod 8 towns town NOUN Number=Plur 5 offence nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 offence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop gerund litter vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litter=Theme 2 is a present Dropping a offence many towns tree rules
Example 2 It is an offence to drive without a licence.
nsubj cop det mark acl case det obl punct root It PRON is AUX an DET offence NOUN to PART drive VERB without ADP a DET licence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 offence nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 offence cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 offence det 4 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 drive mark 6 drive drive VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 offence acl 7 without without ADP _ 9 licence case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 licence det 9 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 6 drive obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 offence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a offence tree rules 2 drive to-infinitive without a licence vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 No offence, but I don't like your hat.
det nsubj:outer punct cc nsubj aux advmod nmod:poss obj punct root No DET offence NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ I PRON do AUX n't PART like VERB your PRON hat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 offence det 2 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 8 like nsubj:outer 3 , , PUNCT _ 8 like punct 4 but but CCONJ _ 8 like cc 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 like nsubj 6 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 like aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 like advmod 8 like like VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 hat nmod:poss 10 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 8 like obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 like punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not like present · do-support no offence your hat vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot hat=Theme
Example 4 She took offence at his rude joke.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root She PRON took VERB offence NOUN at ADP his PRON rude ADJ joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obj 4 at at ADP _ 7 joke case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 joke nmod:poss 6 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 7 joke amod 7 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past She offence his rude joke vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent offence=Theme at joke=Asset 2 joke his = he nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Since it was his first offence, he only got a warning.
mark nsubj cop nmod:poss amod advcl punct nsubj advmod det obj punct root Since SCONJ it PRON was AUX his PRON first ADJ offence NOUN , PUNCT he PRON only ADV got VERB a DET warning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Since since SCONJ _ 6 offence mark 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 offence nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 offence cop 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 offence nmod:poss 5 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 6 offence amod 6 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 10 got advcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 offence punct 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 got nsubj 9 only only ADV _ 10 got advmod 10 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 warning det 12 warning warning NOUN Number=Sing 10 got obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past it his first offence tree rules 2 get past he a warning vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer warning=Stimulus
Example 6 Our team's offence scored three touchdowns. (US)
Sentence 1: Our team's offence scored three touchdowns.
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj nummod obj punct root Our PRON team NOUN 's PART offence NOUN scored VERB three NUM touchdowns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 offence nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 team case 4 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 5 scored nsubj 5 scored score VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 touchdowns nummod 7 touchdowns touchdown NOUN Number=Plur 5 scored obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 scored punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 score past Our team's offence three touchdowns vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent touchdown=Theme 2 offend Our team nom offence «act transitive»: poss=agent
Sentence 2: (US)
punct punct root ( PUNCT US PROPN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 US punct 2 US US PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 US punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 7 I didn't mean to cause offence.
nsubj aux advmod mark xcomp obj punct root I PRON did AUX n't PART mean VERB to PART cause VERB offence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 mean nsubj 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 cause mark 6 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 offence offence NOUN Number=Sing 6 cause obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean past · do-support I vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cause not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here offence vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition offence=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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