on Who acts: light, party, You, me, I, having · What happens: mean, touch, show, work, switch on, be · To what, where: top, something, dare, you, angry push, me · Speech: someone speaks here
«on» in the school dictionary: its 10 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: on in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 On means touching the top or side of something: on the table, on the wall.
The tree, 15 words case xcomp det obj cc conj case nmod punct case det parataxis punct case det nmod punct root On ADP means VERB touching VERB the DET top NOUN or CCONJ side NOUN of ADP something PRON : PUNCT on ADP the DET table NOUN , PUNCT on ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 touching touch VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 top det 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 touching obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 side cc 7 side side NOUN Number=Sing 5 top conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 side nmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 table punct 11 on on ADP _ 13 table case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 table det 13 table table NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 wall punct 15 on on ADP _ 17 wall case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 wall det 17 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 13 table nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 touch not said to happen gerund the top or side of something vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme top=Co-Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 On shows a day or date: on Monday.
mark det obj cc conj punct case obl punct root On SCONJ shows VERB a DET day NOUN or CCONJ date NOUN : PUNCT on ADP Monday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on SCONJ _ 2 shows mark 2 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 day det 4 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 shows obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 date cc 6 date date NOUN Number=Sing 4 day conj 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 Monday punct 8 on on ADP _ 9 Monday case 9 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 2 shows obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present day; monday vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 On means working or switched on: the light is on.
case xcomp cc conj compound:prt punct det nsubj cop conj punct root On ADP means VERB working VERB or CCONJ switched VERB on ADP : PUNCT the DET light NOUN is AUX on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 switched cc 5 switched switch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 working conj 6 on on ADP _ 5 switched compound:prt 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 on punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 light det 9 light light NOUN Number=Sing 11 on nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 on cop 11 on on ADV _ 2 means conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 work not said to happen gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 switch on participle vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 4 is present the light on property tree rules
Meaning 4 On shows what something is about: a book on sharks.
mark obj obj cop advmod punct det obl case nmod punct root On SCONJ shows VERB what PRON something PRON is AUX about ADV : PUNCT a DET book NOUN on ADP sharks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on SCONJ _ 2 shows mark 2 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 2 shows obj 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 shows obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 about cop 6 about about ADV _ 4 something advmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 book punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 book det 9 book book NOUN Number=Sing 2 shows obl 10 on on ADP _ 11 sharks case 11 sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 9 book nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present something a book on sharks obl vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent what=Recipient something=Topic 2 is present about property tree rules
Meaning 5 On means going ahead, carrying on: read on.
case xcomp advmod punct advcl compound:prt punct advcl compound:prt punct root On ADP means VERB going VERB ahead ADV , PUNCT carrying VERB on ADP : PUNCT read VERB on ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 ahead ahead ADV _ 3 going advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 carrying punct 6 carrying carry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means advcl 7 on on ADP _ 6 carrying compound:prt 8 : : PUNCT _ 9 read punct 9 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 carrying advcl 10 on on ADP _ 9 read compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go not said to happen gerund ahead property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 carry on gerund vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent 4 read on infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 6 On means happening as planned: the party is still on.
case xcomp mark advcl punct det nsubj cop advmod conj punct root On ADP means VERB happening VERB as SCONJ planned VERB : PUNCT the DET party NOUN is AUX still ADV on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 happening happen VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 as as SCONJ _ 5 planned mark 5 planned plan VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 happening advcl 6 : : PUNCT _ 11 on punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 party det 8 party party NOUN Number=Sing 11 on nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 on cop 10 still still ADV _ 11 on advmod 11 on on ADV _ 2 means conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 happen not said to happen gerund vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 plan participle vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 4 is present the party still on property tree rules
Meaning 7 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«You're on!» accepts a dare or a bet; «what are you on about?» means what do you mean; «not on» (UK, Australia) means not acceptable; «on me» means I'll pay.
The tree, 32 words punct nsubj cop nsubj punct punct det obj cc det conj punct punct nsubj cop conj mark advmod punct punct advcl obj aux nsubj ccomp punct punct advmod compound:prt punct punct appos punct conj punct parataxis advmod xcomp punct punct case nsubj punct conj nsubj aux ccomp punct root « PUNCT You PRON 're AUX on ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT accepts VERB a DET dare NOUN or CCONJ a DET bet NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT what PRON are AUX you PRON on SCONJ about ADV ? PUNCT » PUNCT means VERB what PRON do AUX you PRON mean VERB ; PUNCT « PUNCT not PART on ADP » PUNCT ( PUNCT UK PROPN , PUNCT Australia PROPN ) PUNCT means VERB not PART acceptable ADJ ; PUNCT « PUNCT on ADP me PRON » PUNCT means VERB I PRON 'll AUX pay VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 on punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 on nsubj 3 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 on cop 4 on on ADV _ 7 accepts nsubj 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 on punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 on punct 7 accepts accept VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 dare det 9 dare dare NOUN Number=Sing 7 accepts obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 bet cc 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 bet det 12 bet bet NOUN Number=Sing 9 dare conj 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 you punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 17 you punct 15 what what PRON PronType=Int 17 you nsubj 16 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 you cop 17 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 accepts conj 18 on on SCONJ _ 22 means mark 19 about about ADV _ 22 means advmod 20 ? ? PUNCT _ 19 about punct 21 » » PUNCT _ 19 about punct 22 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 accepts advcl 23 what what PRON PronType=Int 26 mean obj 24 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 mean aux 25 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 26 mean nsubj 26 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 22 means ccomp 27 ; ; PUNCT _ 37 means punct 28 « « PUNCT _ 30 on punct 29 not not PART Polarity=Neg 30 on advmod 30 on on ADP _ 37 means compound:prt 31 » » PUNCT _ 30 on punct 32 ( ( PUNCT _ 33 UK punct 33 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 30 on appos 34 , , PUNCT _ 35 Australia punct 35 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 33 UK conj 36 ) ) PUNCT _ 33 UK punct 37 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 accepts parataxis 38 not not PART Polarity=Neg 39 acceptable advmod 39 acceptable acceptable ADJ Degree=Pos 37 means xcomp 40 ; ; PUNCT _ 45 means punct 41 « « PUNCT _ 43 me punct 42 on on ADP _ 43 me case 43 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 45 means nsubj 44 » » PUNCT _ 43 me punct 45 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 37 means conj 46 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 48 pay nsubj 47 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 48 pay aux 48 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 45 means ccomp 49 . . PUNCT _ 7 accepts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present You on property tree rules 2 accept present a dare or a bet vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dare=Theme 3 is a in a quote present you tree rules 4 mean present about property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 mean present · do-support you vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic 6 mean on present acceptable property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 7 mean present me vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 8 pay future I vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 8 Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.
«Get on with it!» means hurry up; «come on!» can be an angry push or a cheer; «having me on» means fooling me.
The tree, 23 words punct nsubj advmod case obl punct punct xcomp compound:prt punct punct parataxis advmod punct punct aux cop det amod parataxis cc det conj punct punct csubj obj compound:prt punct parataxis xcomp obj punct root « PUNCT Get VERB on ADV with ADP it PRON ! PUNCT » PUNCT means VERB hurry VERB up ADP ; PUNCT « PUNCT come VERB on ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT can AUX be AUX an DET angry ADJ push NOUN or CCONJ a DET cheer NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT having VERB me PRON on ADP » PUNCT means VERB fooling VERB me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Get punct 2 Get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 8 means nsubj 3 on on ADV _ 2 Get advmod 4 with with ADP _ 5 it case 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 Get obl 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Get punct 7 » » PUNCT _ 2 Get punct 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 hurry hurry VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means xcomp 10 up up ADP _ 9 hurry compound:prt 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 come punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 come punct 13 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means parataxis 14 on on ADV _ 13 come advmod 15 ! ! PUNCT _ 13 come punct 16 » » PUNCT _ 13 come punct 17 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 push aux 18 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 21 push cop 19 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 push det 20 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 21 push amod 21 push push NOUN Number=Sing 13 come parataxis 22 or or CCONJ _ 24 cheer cc 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 cheer det 24 cheer cheer NOUN Number=Sing 21 push conj 25 ; ; PUNCT _ 31 means punct 26 « « PUNCT _ 27 having punct 27 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 31 means csubj 28 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 27 having obj 29 on on ADP _ 27 having compound:prt 30 » » PUNCT _ 27 having punct 31 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 means parataxis 32 fooling fool VERB VerbForm=Ger 31 means xcomp 33 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 32 fooling obj 34 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get on in a quote infinitive with it vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 hurry up not said to happen infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 come on in a quote infinitive tree rules 5 is a can a angry push or a cheer tree rules 6 have on in a quote gerund me vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient 7 mean present having vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 8 fool not said to happen gerund having not said here me vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient
Meaning 9 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The exam voice says «upon», «situated upon», «concerning», «on the occasion of», «in the event of», «on each occasion».
The tree, 19 words det compound nsubj punct ccomp punct punct punct ccomp obl punct punct punct conj punct punct punct case det obl case punct punct punct case det nmod case punct punct punct case det parataxis punct punct root The DET exam NOUN voice NOUN says VERB « PUNCT upon ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT situated VERB upon ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT concerning VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT on ADP the DET occasion NOUN of ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT in ADP the DET event NOUN of ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT on ADP each DET occasion NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 voice det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 3 voice compound 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 upon punct 6 upon upon ADP _ 4 says ccomp 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 upon punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 situated punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 situated punct 10 situated situate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 says ccomp 11 upon upon ADP _ 10 situated obl 12 » » PUNCT _ 10 situated punct 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 concerning punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 concerning punct 15 concerning concern VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 says conj 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 concerning punct 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 occasion punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 21 occasion punct 19 on on ADP _ 21 occasion case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 occasion det 21 occasion occasion NOUN Number=Sing 15 concerning obl 22 of of ADP _ 28 event case 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 of punct 24 , , PUNCT _ 22 of punct 25 « « PUNCT _ 28 event punct 26 in in ADP _ 28 event case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 event det 28 event event NOUN Number=Sing 21 occasion nmod 29 of of ADP _ 28 event case 30 » » PUNCT _ 21 occasion punct 31 , , PUNCT _ 35 occasion punct 32 « « PUNCT _ 35 occasion punct 33 on on ADP _ 35 occasion case 34 each each DET PronType=Tot 35 occasion det 35 occasion occasion NOUN Number=Sing 15 concerning parataxis 36 » » PUNCT _ 35 occasion punct 37 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the exam voice vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 situate in a quote participle vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent 3 concern in a quote gerund the exam voice not said here the occasion of the event vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 occasion in a quote the event nom occasion «event transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 10 On can also mean against someone or aimed at someone, as in "a vengeance on her.".
The tree, 16 words mark aux advmod case obl cc conj case obl punct case case punct det parataxis case nmod punct punct punct root On SCONJ can AUX also ADV mean VERB against ADP someone PRON or CCONJ aimed VERB at ADP someone PRON , PUNCT as ADP in ADP " PUNCT a DET vengeance NOUN on ADP her PRON . PUNCT " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on SCONJ _ 4 mean mark 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 against against ADP _ 6 someone case 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 mean obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 aimed cc 8 aimed aim VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 someone conj 9 at at ADP _ 10 someone case 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 aimed obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 vengeance punct 12 as as ADP _ 16 vengeance case 13 in in ADP _ 16 vengeance case 14 " " PUNCT _ 16 vengeance punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 vengeance det 16 vengeance vengeance NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean parataxis 17 on on ADP _ 18 her case 18 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 vengeance nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 16 vengeance punct 20 " " PUNCT _ 16 vengeance punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can against someone vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 aim participle someone vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 1 I put three spoons on the table.
nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root I PRON put VERB three NUM spoons NOUN on ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 spoons nummod 4 spoons spoon NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 table case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 table det 7 table table NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past I three spoons the table vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent spoon=Theme on table=Destination
Example 2 Ben bought 6 cards on Monday …
nsubj nummod obj case obl punct root Ben PROPN bought VERB 6 NUM cards NOUN on ADP Monday PROPN … PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cards nummod 4 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obj 5 on on ADP _ 6 Monday case 6 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 2 bought obl 7 … . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past Ben 6 cards monday vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme
Example 3 There are 4 birds on each branch.
expl nummod nsubj case det nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 4 NUM birds NOUN on ADP each DET branch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 birds nummod 4 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 on on ADP _ 7 branch case 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 branch det 7 branch branch NOUN Number=Sing 4 birds nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 4 birds on each branch there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The cat is sleeping on my bed.
det nsubj aux case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET cat NOUN is AUX sleeping VERB on ADP my PRON bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 sleeping nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 sleeping aux 4 sleeping sleep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 bed case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 bed nmod:poss 7 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 4 sleeping obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 sleeping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present · progressive the cat my bed vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Turn the light on, please.
det obj compound:prt punct discourse punct root Turn VERB the DET light NOUN on ADP , PUNCT please INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 light det 3 light light NOUN Number=Sing 1 Turn obj 4 on on ADP _ 1 Turn compound:prt 5 , , PUNCT _ 1 Turn punct 6 please please INTJ _ 1 Turn discourse 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn on imperative you not said here the light vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent light=Patient
Example 6 Put your coat on; it's cold.
nmod:poss obj compound:prt punct nsubj cop parataxis punct root Put VERB your PRON coat NOUN on ADP ; PUNCT it PRON 's AUX cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 coat nmod:poss 3 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 4 on on ADP _ 1 Put compound:prt 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 cold punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 cold nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 cold cop 8 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Put parataxis 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put on imperative you not said here your coat vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent coat=Goal 2 is present coat cold property tree rules
Example 7 We went to school on foot.
nsubj case obl case obl punct root We PRON went VERB to ADP school NOUN on ADP foot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 school case 4 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 5 on on ADP _ 6 foot case 6 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We foot to school vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location
Example 8 Read on to find out what happens.
case mark ccomp compound:prt nsubj ccomp punct root Read VERB on ADP to PART find VERB out ADP what PRON happens VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 on on ADP _ 4 find case 3 to to PART _ 4 find mark 4 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Read ccomp 5 out out ADP _ 4 find compound:prt 6 what what PRON PronType=Int 7 happens nsubj 7 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 find ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 find out to-infinitive you not said here vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 happen present vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 race ya to the gate? «you're on»
Sentence 1: race ya to the gate?
obj case det nmod punct root race NOUN ya PRON to ADP the DET gate NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 race race NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 ya you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 race obj 3 to to ADP _ 5 gate case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 gate det 5 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 1 race nmod 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 race punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: «you're on»
punct nsubj cop punct root « PUNCT you PRON 're AUX on ADV » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 on punct 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 on nsubj 3 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 on cop 4 on on ADV _ root root 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 on punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present you on property tree rules
Example 10 Ice creams are on me, how many we need?
compound nsubj cop case punct advmod nsubj nsubj conj punct root Ice NOUN creams NOUN are AUX on ADP me PRON , PUNCT how ADV many ADJ we PRON need VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 creams compound 2 creams cream NOUN Number=Plur 5 me nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 me cop 4 on on ADP _ 5 me case 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 need punct 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 8 many advmod 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 need nsubj 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 need nsubj 10 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 me conj 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 me punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Ice creams on me tree rules 2 need present many vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 11 Oh, get on with it, just count them!
discourse punct advmod case obl punct advmod conj obj punct root Oh INTJ , PUNCT get VERB on ADV with ADP it PRON , PUNCT just ADV count VERB them PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 3 get discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 3 get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADV _ 3 get advmod 5 with with ADP _ 6 it case 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 get obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 count punct 8 just just ADV _ 9 count advmod 9 count count VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 get conj 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 count obj 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get on imperative you not said here with it vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 count infinitive you not said here them = they vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
Example 12 There are 3 shelves; upon each shelf are situated 6 volumes. Determine the total.
Sentence 1: There are 3 shelves; upon each shelf are situated 6 volumes.
expl nummod nsubj punct mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis nummod obj punct root There PRON are VERB 3 NUM shelves NOUN ; PUNCT upon SCONJ each DET shelf NOUN are AUX situated VERB 6 NUM volumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 shelves nummod 4 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 situated punct 6 upon upon SCONJ _ 10 situated mark 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 shelf det 8 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 10 situated nsubj:pass 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 situated aux:pass 10 situated situate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 are parataxis 11 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 volumes nummod 12 volumes volume NOUN Number=Plur 10 situated obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 3 shelves there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 situate present · passive each shelf vn put-9.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme volume=Destination
Sentence 2: Determine the total.
det obj punct root Determine VERB the DET total NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Determine determine VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 total det 3 total total NOUN Number=Sing 1 Determine obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 1 Determine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 determine imperative you not said here the total vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent total=Topic
Example 13 "A vengeance on her!" said they.
punct det nsubj case nmod punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT A DET vengeance NOUN on ADP her PRON ! PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB they PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 vengeance punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 vengeance det 3 vengeance vengeance NOUN Number=Sing 8 said nsubj 4 on on ADP _ 5 her case 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 vengeance nmod 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 vengeance punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 vengeance punct 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 said nsubj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past a vengeance on her vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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