ossified Who acts: groups, skull, children, cartilage, old club, nobody · What happens: ossify, mean, turn, harden, happen, grow · To what, where: bone, soft cartilage, skeleton, ideas, old dry bones, skull · Speech: someone speaks here
«ossified» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ossified in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
Ossified means turned into bone: soft cartilage that has hardened into bone, as happens in a growing child's skeleton.
The tree, 20 words nsubj ccomp case obl punct amod appos nsubj:pass aux acl:relcl case obl punct mark conj case det amod nmod:poss case obl punct root Ossified VERB means VERB turned VERB into ADP bone NOUN : PUNCT soft ADJ cartilage NOUN that PRON has AUX hardened VERB into ADP bone NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ happens VERB in ADP a DET growing VERB child NOUN 's PART skeleton NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ossified ossify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 turned turn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 into into ADP _ 5 bone case 5 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 3 turned obl 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 cartilage punct 7 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cartilage amod 8 cartilage cartilage NOUN Number=Sing 5 bone appos 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 hardened nsubj:pass 10 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 hardened aux 11 hardened harden VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 cartilage acl:relcl 12 into into ADP _ 13 bone case 13 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 11 hardened obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 happens punct 15 as as SCONJ _ 16 happens mark 16 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means conj 17 in in ADP _ 22 skeleton case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 child det 19 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 20 child amod 20 child child NOUN Number=Sing 22 skeleton nmod:poss 21 's 's PART _ 20 child case 22 skeleton skeleton NOUN Number=Sing 16 happens obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ossify participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 turn participle bone vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into bone=Trajectory 4 harden present · perfect · passive soft cartilage bone vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient 5 happen present a growing child's skeleton vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in skeleton=Location 6 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Ossified describes ideas, rules or groups that have become fixed, stiff and unable to change, like old dry bones.
The tree, 19 words mark obj punct conj cc conj nsubj aux acl:relcl xcomp punct conj cc conj mark xcomp punct case amod amod obj punct root Ossified VERB describes VERB ideas NOUN , PUNCT rules NOUN or CCONJ groups NOUN that PRON have AUX become VERB fixed VERB , PUNCT stiff ADJ and CCONJ unable ADJ to PART change VERB , PUNCT like ADP old ADJ dry ADJ bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ossified ossify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 describes mark 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 2 describes obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 rules punct 5 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 3 ideas conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 groups cc 7 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 3 ideas conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 become nsubj 9 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 become aux 10 become become VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 groups acl:relcl 11 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 become xcomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 stiff punct 13 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 11 fixed conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 unable cc 15 unable unable ADJ Degree=Pos 13 stiff conj 16 to to PART _ 17 change mark 17 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 unable xcomp 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 bones punct 19 like like ADP _ 22 bones case 20 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 22 bones amod 21 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 22 bones amod 22 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 17 change obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ossify participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 describe present ideas and rules or groups vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent idea=Theme 3 become present · perfect groups tree rules 4 fix participle groups not said here vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 5 change to-infinitive groups not said here old dry bones vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient
Example 1 A baby's skull is not fully ossified, so it has soft spots.
The tree, 13 words det nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux advmod advmod punct advmod nsubj conj amod obj punct root A DET baby NOUN 's PART skull NOUN is AUX not PART fully ADV ossified VERB , PUNCT so ADV it PRON has VERB soft ADJ spots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 4 skull nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 baby case 4 skull skull NOUN Number=Sing 8 ossified nsubj:pass 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 ossified aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 ossified advmod 7 fully fully ADV _ 8 ossified advmod 8 ossified ossify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 has punct 10 so so ADV _ 12 has advmod 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 has nsubj 12 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 ossified conj 13 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 14 spots amod 14 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 12 has obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 ossified punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not ossify present · passive a baby's skull fully property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient 2 have present skull soft spots vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient
Example 2 As children grow, cartilage in the bones becomes ossified.
mark nsubj advcl punct nsubj case det nmod xcomp punct root As SCONJ children NOUN grow VERB , PUNCT cartilage NOUN in ADP the DET bones NOUN becomes VERB ossified VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as SCONJ _ 3 grow mark 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow nsubj 3 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 becomes advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 grow punct 5 cartilage cartilage NOUN Number=Sing 9 becomes nsubj 6 in in ADP _ 8 bones case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bones det 8 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 5 cartilage nmod 9 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 ossified ossify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 becomes xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 becomes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present children vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 become present cartilage in the bones tree rules 3 ossify participle cartilage in the bones not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 The old club had ossified rules that nobody dared to change.
det amod nsubj amod obj obj nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root The DET old ADJ club NOUN had VERB ossified VERB rules NOUN that PRON nobody PRON dared VERB to PART change VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 club det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 club amod 3 club club NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 ossified ossify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 rules amod 6 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 dared obj 8 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 9 dared nsubj 9 dared dare VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 rules acl:relcl 10 to to PART _ 11 change mark 11 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 dared xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the old club ossified rules vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient 2 ossify participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 dare past nobody ossified rules vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent that=Recipient clause=Topic 4 change to-infinitive nobody not said here vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The teacher said the empire's government had become ossified and slow.
det nsubj det nmod:poss case nsubj aux ccomp xcomp cc conj punct root The DET teacher NOUN said VERB the DET empire NOUN 's PART government NOUN had AUX become VERB ossified ADJ and CCONJ slow ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 empire det 5 empire empire NOUN Number=Sing 7 government nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 empire case 7 government government NOUN Number=Sing 9 become nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 become aux 9 become become VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 3 said ccomp 10 ossified ossified ADJ Degree=Pos 9 become xcomp 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 slow cc 12 slow slow ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ossified conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the teacher vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 become past · perfect the empire's government ossified property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 5 The X-ray showed which bones had ossified.
det compound punct nsubj det nsubj:pass aux ccomp punct root The DET X NOUN - PUNCT ray NOUN showed VERB which DET bones NOUN had AUX ossified VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 ray det 2 X x NOUN Number=Sing 4 ray compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 X punct 4 ray ray NOUN Number=Sing 5 showed nsubj 5 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 which which DET PronType=Int 7 bones det 7 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 9 ossified nsubj:pass 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 ossified aux 9 ossified ossify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 showed ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the X ray vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 ossify past · perfect · passive which bones vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 6 Some ideas grow ossified if nobody questions them.
det nsubj amod mark compound obj obj punct root Some DET ideas NOUN grow VERB ossified VERB if SCONJ nobody PRON questions NOUN them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 ideas det 2 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow nsubj 3 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ossified ossify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 questions amod 5 if if SCONJ _ 7 questions mark 6 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 7 questions compound 7 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow obj 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 questions obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present some ideas ossified nobody questions vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location question=Theme 2 ossify participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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