own Who acts: own book, that, own, you, She, He · What happens: own, be, mean, own up, admit, do · To what, where: something, book, mine, 3 bikes, own room, 20 sheep · Speech: someone speaks here
«own» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: own in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To own something is to have it as yours.
mark csubj obj cop mark obj case obl punct root To PART own VERB something PRON is AUX to PART have VERB it PRON as ADP yours PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 own mark 2 own own VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 have csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 own obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 have cop 5 to to PART _ 6 have mark 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 have obj 8 as as ADP _ 9 yours case 9 yours your PRON Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 have obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 own to-infinitive something vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot something=Theme 2 is present as yours; have property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «My own book» is a book that is mine and nobody else's.
The tree, 13 words punct nmod:poss amod nsubj punct cop det nsubj cop nmod cc conj advmod case punct root « PUNCT My PRON own ADJ book NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET book NOUN that PRON is AUX mine PRON and CCONJ nobody PRON else ADV 's PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 book punct 2 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 book nmod:poss 3 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 4 book amod 4 book book NOUN Number=Sing 8 book nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 book punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 book cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 book det 8 book book NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 mine nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 mine cop 11 mine my PRON Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 book nmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 nobody cc 13 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 11 mine conj 14 else else ADV _ 13 nobody advmod 15 's 's PART _ 13 nobody case 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 book punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My own book a book tree rules 2 is a present that mine tree rules
Meaning 3 «On your own» means alone, or without help.
punct case nmod:poss nsubj punct advmod punct cc case parataxis punct root « PUNCT On ADP your PRON own ADJ » PUNCT means VERB alone ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ without ADP help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 own punct 2 On on ADP _ 4 own case 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 own nmod:poss 4 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 own punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 alone alone ADV _ 6 means advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 help punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 help cc 10 without without ADP _ 11 help case 11 help help NOUN Number=Sing 6 means parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present your own alone property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 «To own up» means to admit you did something wrong.
punct mark csubj compound:prt punct mark ccomp nsubj ccomp obj amod punct root « PUNCT To PART own VERB up ADP » PUNCT means VERB to PART admit VERB you PRON did VERB something PRON wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 own punct 2 To to PART _ 3 own mark 3 own own VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 4 up up ADP _ 3 own compound:prt 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 own punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 admit mark 8 admit admit VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 did nsubj 10 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 admit ccomp 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 did obj 12 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 11 something amod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 own up in a quote to-infinitive vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 admit speech: other not said to happen to-infinitive vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 do past you something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Example 1 She owns 3 bikes.
nsubj nummod obj punct root She PRON owns VERB 3 NUM bikes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 owns nsubj 2 owns own VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 bikes nummod 4 bikes bike NOUN Number=Plur 2 owns obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 owns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 own present She 3 bikes vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bike=Theme
Example 2 He has his own room.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct root He PRON has VERB his PRON own ADJ room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 room nmod:poss 4 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 5 room amod 5 room room NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present He his own room vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Patient
Example 3 They own 20 sheep.
nsubj nummod obj punct root They PRON own VERB 20 NUM sheep NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 own nsubj 2 own own VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 sheep nummod 4 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Plur 2 own obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 own punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 own present They 20 sheep vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sheep=Theme
Example 4 How many books does Tom own?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ books NOUN does AUX Tom PROPN own VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 books amod 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 6 own nsubj 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 own aux 5 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 6 own nsubj 6 own own VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 own punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 own present · do-support many books vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
Example 5 Can I walk to school on my own?
aux nsubj case obl case nmod:poss obl punct root Can AUX I PRON walk VERB to ADP school NOUN on ADP my PRON own ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 walk aux 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 walk nsubj 3 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 school case 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 walk obl 6 on on ADP _ 8 own case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 own nmod:poss 8 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 3 walk obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk can I my own to school result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result
Example 6 Make your own sandwich.
nmod:poss amod obj punct root Make VERB your PRON own ADJ sandwich NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 sandwich nmod:poss 3 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sandwich amod 4 sandwich sandwich NOUN Number=Sing 1 Make obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make imperative you not said here your own sandwich vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sandwich=Product
Example 7 He owned up to breaking the vase.
nsubj compound:prt mark advcl det obj punct root He PRON owned VERB up ADP to SCONJ breaking VERB the DET vase NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 owned nsubj 2 owned own VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 owned compound:prt 4 to to SCONJ _ 5 breaking mark 5 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 owned advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 vase det 7 vase vase NOUN Number=Sing 5 breaking obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 owned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 own up past He vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 2 break gerund He not said here the vase vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vase=Patient
Example 8 Each bird has its own nest.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct root Each DET bird NOUN has VERB its PRON own ADJ nest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 bird det 2 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 nest nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 nest amod 6 nest nest NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each bird bird's own nest vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Patient
Example 9 Who owns this jacket?
nsubj det obj punct root Who PRON owns VERB this DET jacket NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 2 owns nsubj 2 owns own VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 jacket det 4 jacket jacket NOUN Number=Sing 2 owns obj 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 owns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 own present this jacket vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot jacket=Theme
Example 10 Ingratitude sometimes brings its own punishment.
nsubj advmod nmod:poss amod obj punct root Ingratitude NOUN sometimes ADV brings VERB its PRON own ADJ punishment NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ingratitude ingratitude NOUN Number=Sing 3 brings nsubj 2 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 3 brings advmod 3 brings bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 punishment nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 punishment amod 6 punishment punishment NOUN Number=Sing 3 brings obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 brings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring present Ingratitude Ingratitude's own punishment sometimes property vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent punishment=Theme 2 punish Ingratitude nom punishment «act transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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