pain Who acts: Pain, you, them, I, He, Cool water · What happens: be, have, hurt, lose, take, mean · To what, where: feeling, part, pet, annoying person, pains, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«pain» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pain in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Pain is the feeling you have when part of your body is hurt or ill.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl mark nsubj:pass case nmod:poss nmod aux:pass advcl cc conj punct root Pain NOUN is AUX the DET feeling NOUN you PRON have VERB when SCONJ part NOUN of ADP your PRON body NOUN is AUX hurt VERB or CCONJ ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 4 feeling nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 feeling cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 feeling det 4 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 feeling acl:relcl 7 when when SCONJ _ 13 hurt mark 8 part part NOUN Number=Sing 13 hurt nsubj:pass 9 of of ADP _ 11 body case 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 body nmod:poss 11 body body NOUN Number=Sing 8 part nmod 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 hurt aux:pass 13 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 have advcl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 ill cc 15 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 13 hurt conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pain the feeling tree rules 2 have present you the feeling not said here vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Patient 3 hurt present · passive part of your body vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Pain can be a feeling of great sadness: the pain of losing a pet.
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux cop det case amod nmod punct det conj mark acl det obj punct root Pain NOUN can AUX be AUX a DET feeling NOUN of ADP great ADJ sadness NOUN : PUNCT the DET pain NOUN of SCONJ losing VERB a DET pet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 5 feeling nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 feeling aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 feeling cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 feeling det 5 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 sadness case 7 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sadness amod 8 sadness sadness NOUN Number=Sing 5 feeling nmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 pain punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 pain det 11 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 5 feeling conj 12 of of SCONJ _ 13 losing mark 13 losing lose VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 pain acl 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 pet det 15 pet pet NOUN Number=Sing 13 losing obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can Pain a feeling and the pain of great sadness tree rules 2 lose gerund the pain not said here a pet vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pet=Eventuality
Meaning 3 «A pain» (informal) is an annoying person or thing.
punct det nsubj punct punct parataxis punct cop det amod cc conj punct root « PUNCT A DET pain NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT is AUX an DET annoying ADJ person NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 pain punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pain det 3 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 11 person nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 pain punct 5 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 informal punct 6 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 3 pain parataxis 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 informal punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 person cop 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 person det 10 annoying annoying ADJ Degree=Pos 11 person amod 11 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 thing cc 13 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 11 person conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a pain a annoying person or thing tree rules
Meaning 4 «Take pains» means try very hard to do something carefully.
punct nsubj obj punct ccomp advmod xcomp mark xcomp obj advmod punct root « PUNCT Take VERB pains NOUN » PUNCT means VERB try VERB very ADV hard ADJ to PART do VERB something PRON carefully ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 2 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 means nsubj 3 pains pain NOUN Number=Plur 2 Take obj 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means ccomp 7 very very ADV _ 8 hard advmod 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 try xcomp 9 to to PART _ 10 do mark 10 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 hard xcomp 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 do obj 12 carefully carefully ADV _ 10 do advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take in a quote infinitive pains vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 try infinitive hard property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 do to-infinitive something carefully property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Meaning 5 To pain someone means to hurt them or make them feel sad.
mark nsubj nsubj mark ccomp obj cc conj obj xcomp xcomp punct root To PART pain NOUN someone PRON means VERB to PART hurt VERB them PRON or CCONJ make VERB them PRON feel VERB sad ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 pain mark 2 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 hurt mark 6 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 hurt obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 make cc 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 hurt conj 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 make obj 11 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 make xcomp 12 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 11 feel xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present pain vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 hurt not said to happen to-infinitive them = they vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient 3 make infinitive them = they tree rules 4 feel infinitive them = they not said here sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 I have a pain in my tummy.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root I PRON have VERB a DET pain NOUN in ADP my PRON tummy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pain det 4 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 tummy case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 tummy nmod:poss 7 tummy tummy NOUN Number=Sing 4 pain nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a pain my tummy vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Patient
Example 2 He was in pain after he fell.
nsubj cop case mark nsubj advcl punct root He PRON was AUX in ADP pain NOUN after SCONJ he PRON fell VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 pain nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 pain cop 3 in in ADP _ 4 pain case 4 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 after after SCONJ _ 7 fell mark 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 fell nsubj 7 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 pain advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 pain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past He pain tree rules 2 fall past he vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Tell an adult if the pain gets worse.
det obj mark det nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Tell VERB an DET adult NOUN if SCONJ the DET pain NOUN gets VERB worse ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adult det 3 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 1 Tell obj 4 if if SCONJ _ 7 gets mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 pain det 6 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 7 gets nsubj 7 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Tell advcl 8 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 gets xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here a adult vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient 2 get a condition, not said to happen present the pain bad property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 Cool water helps the pain of a burn.
amod nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root Cool ADJ water NOUN helps VERB the DET pain NOUN of ADP a DET burn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cool cool ADJ Degree=Pos 2 water amod 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps nsubj 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pain det 5 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 burn case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 burn det 8 burn burn NOUN Number=Sing 5 pain nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Cool water the pain of a burn vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Beneficiary 2 pain a burn nom pain «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 My little brother can be a pain.
nmod:poss amod nsubj aux cop det punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN can AUX be AUX a DET pain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 7 pain nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 pain aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 pain cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pain det 7 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 pain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can My little brother a pain tree rules
Example 6 She took great pains to make the card neat.
nsubj amod obj mark advcl det obj xcomp punct root She PRON took VERB great ADJ pains NOUN to PART make VERB the DET card NOUN neat ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 pains amod 4 pains pain NOUN Number=Plur 2 took obj 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 took advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 card det 8 card card NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 9 neat neat ADJ Degree=Pos 6 make xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past She great pains vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme 2 make to-infinitive She not said here the card neat property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset card=Product
Example 7 Losing her dog caused her a lot of pain.
csubj nmod:poss obj iobj det obl:unmarked case nmod punct root Losing VERB her PRON dog NOUN caused VERB her PRON a DET lot NOUN of ADP pain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Losing lose VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 caused csubj 2 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 dog nmod:poss 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 1 Losing obj 4 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 caused iobj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 lot det 7 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused obl:unmarked 8 of of ADP _ 9 pain case 9 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 7 lot nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose gerund her dog vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Eventuality 2 cause past Losing a lot of pain dog vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition she=Patient
Example 8 Painkillers should only be taken with an adult.
nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass case det obl punct root Painkillers NOUN should AUX only ADV be AUX taken VERB with ADP an DET adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Painkillers painkiller NOUN Number=Plur 5 taken nsubj:pass 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 taken aux 3 only only ADV _ 5 taken advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 taken aux:pass 5 taken take VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 adult case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 adult det 8 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 5 taken obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 taken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take should · passive Painkillers with a adult vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 9 His foot pained him more and more.
nmod:poss nsubj obj advmod cc conj punct root His PRON foot NOUN pained VERB him PRON more ADV and CCONJ more ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 foot nmod:poss 2 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 3 pained nsubj 3 pained pain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 pained obj 5 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 3 pained advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 more cc 7 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 5 more conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 pained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pain past His foot him = he vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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