painful Who acts: Painful, you, sprained ankle, bee sting, nurse, Saying · What happens: mean, cause, hurt, make, feel, watch · To what, where: pain, you, nurse, goodbye, dog, team · Speech: someone speaks here
«painful» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: painful in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Painful means causing pain or hurting.
nsubj xcomp obj cc conj punct root Painful ADJ means VERB causing VERB pain NOUN or CCONJ hurting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 causing cause VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 3 causing obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 hurting cc 6 hurting hurt VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 causing conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Painful vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cause not said to happen gerund Painful not said here pain vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient 3 hurt gerund Painful not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Painful means making you feel sad, upset or embarrassed.
nsubj xcomp obj xcomp xcomp punct conj cc conj punct root Painful ADJ means VERB making VERB you PRON feel VERB sad ADJ , PUNCT upset ADJ or CCONJ embarrassed ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 making obj 5 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 making xcomp 6 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 5 feel xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 upset punct 8 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sad conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 embarrassed cc 10 embarrassed embarrassed ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sad conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Painful vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make not said to happen gerund Painful not said here you tree rules 3 feel not said to happen infinitive you not said here sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 3 Painful can mean very hard or slow to watch or do.
nsubj aux advmod xcomp cc conj mark xcomp cc conj punct root Painful ADJ can AUX mean VERB very ADV hard ADJ or CCONJ slow ADJ to PART watch VERB or CCONJ do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 very very ADV _ 5 hard advmod 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 slow cc 7 slow slow ADJ Degree=Pos 5 hard conj 8 to to PART _ 9 watch mark 9 watch watch VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 slow xcomp 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 do cc 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 watch conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Painful hard property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 watch to-infinitive Painful not said here vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 3 do infinitive Painful not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 My sprained ankle was very painful.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop advmod punct root My PRON sprained VERB ankle NOUN was AUX very ADV painful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 ankle nmod:poss 2 sprained sprain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 ankle amod 3 ankle ankle NOUN Number=Sing 6 painful nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 painful cop 5 very very ADV _ 6 painful advmod 6 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 painful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sprain participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is past My sprained ankle painful property tree rules
Example 2 A bee sting can be painful.
det compound nsubj aux cop punct root A DET bee NOUN sting NOUN can AUX be AUX painful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 sting det 2 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 3 sting compound 3 sting sting NOUN Number=Sing 6 painful nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 painful aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 painful cop 6 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 painful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can a bee sting painful property tree rules
Example 3 Tell the nurse where it is painful.
det obj advmod nsubj cop acl:relcl punct root Tell VERB the DET nurse NOUN where ADV it PRON is AUX painful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 nurse det 3 nurse nurse NOUN Number=Sing 1 Tell obj 4 where where ADV PronType=Rel 7 painful advmod 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 painful nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 painful cop 7 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 nurse acl:relcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here the nurse vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent nurse=Recipient 2 is present nurse painful property tree rules
Example 4 Saying goodbye to our dog was painful.
csubj obj case nmod:poss obl cop punct root Saying VERB goodbye NOUN to ADP our PRON dog NOUN was AUX painful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 painful csubj 2 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 1 Saying obj 3 to to ADP _ 5 dog case 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 dog nmod:poss 5 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 1 Saying obl 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 painful cop 7 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 painful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund goodbye our dog vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic to dog=Recipient 2 is past Saying painful property tree rules
Example 5 It was painful to watch our team lose.
nsubj cop mark advcl nmod:poss obj advcl punct root It PRON was AUX painful ADJ to PART watch VERB our PRON team NOUN lose VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 painful nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 painful cop 3 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 watch mark 5 watch watch VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 painful advcl 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 team nmod:poss 7 team team NOUN Number=Sing 5 watch obj 8 lose lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 painful advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 painful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past It painful property tree rules 2 watch to-infinitive our team vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent team=Theme 3 lose present vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The splinter was small but painful.
det nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET splinter NOUN was AUX small ADJ but CCONJ painful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 splinter det 2 splinter splinter NOUN Number=Sing 4 small nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 small cop 4 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 but but CCONJ _ 6 painful cc 6 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 small conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the splinter small property tree rules 2 be the splinter not said here tree rules
Example 7 The scene of past sufferings revives painful memories.
det nsubj case amod nmod amod obj punct root The DET scene NOUN of ADP past ADJ sufferings NOUN revives VERB painful ADJ memories NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scene det 2 scene scene NOUN Number=Sing 6 revives nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 sufferings case 4 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sufferings amod 5 sufferings suffering NOUN Number=Plur 2 scene nmod 6 revives revive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos 8 memories amod 8 memories memory NOUN Number=Plur 6 revives obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 revives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 revive present the scene of past sufferings painful memories vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent memory=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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