palaeontologist Who acts: scientist, plants, palaeontologist, I, Palaeontologists, tooth · What happens: study, learn, live, find, want, be · To what, where: fossils, dinosaur bone, cliff, palaeontologist, brushes, famous fossil hunter · Speech: someone speaks here
«palaeontologist» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: palaeontologist in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A scientist who studies fossils to learn about plants and animals that lived long ago, like dinosaurs.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj acl:relcl obj mark xcomp case obl cc conj nsubj acl:relcl advmod advmod punct case obl punct root A DET scientist NOUN who PRON studies VERB fossils NOUN to PART learn VERB about ADP plants NOUN and CCONJ animals NOUN that PRON lived VERB long ADV ago ADV , PUNCT like ADP dinosaurs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 studies nsubj 4 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 scientist acl:relcl 5 fossils fossil NOUN Number=Plur 4 studies obj 6 to to PART _ 7 learn mark 7 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 studies xcomp 8 about about ADP _ 9 plants case 9 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 learn obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 animals cc 11 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 9 plants conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 lived nsubj 13 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 plants acl:relcl 14 long long ADV Degree=Pos 15 ago advmod 15 ago ago ADV _ 7 learn advmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 dinosaurs punct 17 like like ADP _ 18 dinosaurs case 18 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 7 learn obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 scientist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present a scientist fossils tree rules 2 learn to-infinitive a scientist not said here about plants and animals; like dinosaurs; ago property vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about plant=Topic 3 live past plants and animals vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A palaeontologist found a dinosaur bone near the cliff.
det nsubj det compound obj case det nmod punct root A DET palaeontologist NOUN found VERB a DET dinosaur NOUN bone NOUN near ADP the DET cliff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 palaeontologist det 2 palaeontologist palaeontologist NOUN Number=Sing 3 found nsubj 3 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bone det 5 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing 6 bone compound 6 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 3 found obj 7 near near ADP _ 9 cliff case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cliff det 9 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing 6 bone nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past a palaeontologist a dinosaur bone the cliff vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Topic
Example 2 I want to be a palaeontologist when I grow up.
nsubj mark cop det xcomp advmod nsubj advcl compound:prt punct root I PRON want VERB to PART be AUX a DET palaeontologist NOUN when ADV I PRON grow VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 want nsubj 2 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 6 palaeontologist mark 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 palaeontologist cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 palaeontologist det 6 palaeontologist palaeontologist NOUN Number=Sing 2 want xcomp 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 grow advmod 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 grow nsubj 9 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 want advcl 10 up up ADP _ 9 grow compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 want punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present I vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 2 is a not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here a palaeontologist tree rules 3 grow up present I vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Palaeontologists use brushes to clean fossils gently.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj advmod punct root Palaeontologists NOUN use VERB brushes NOUN to PART clean VERB fossils NOUN gently ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Palaeontologists palaeontologist NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 brushes brush NOUN Number=Plur 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 clean mark 5 clean clean VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 fossils fossil NOUN Number=Plur 5 clean obj 7 gently gently ADV _ 5 clean advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Palaeontologists brushes vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brush=Patient 2 clean to-infinitive Palaeontologists not said here fossils gently property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fossil=Patient
Example 4 The palaeontologist said the tooth belonged to a T. rex.
det nsubj det nsubj ccomp case det compound obl punct root The DET palaeontologist NOUN said VERB the DET tooth NOUN belonged VERB to ADP a DET T. PROPN rex NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 palaeontologist det 2 palaeontologist palaeontologist NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tooth det 5 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 6 belonged nsubj 6 belonged belong VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 said ccomp 7 to to ADP _ 10 rex case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 rex det 9 T. T. PROPN Number=Sing 10 rex compound 10 rex rex NOUN Number=Sing 6 belonged obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the palaeontologist vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 belong past the tooth to a T. rex vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Mary Anning was a famous fossil hunter and early palaeontologist.
nsubj flat cop det amod compound cc amod conj punct root Mary PROPN Anning PROPN was AUX a DET famous ADJ fossil NOUN hunter NOUN and CCONJ early ADJ palaeontologist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mary Mary PROPN Number=Sing 7 hunter nsubj 2 Anning Anning PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mary flat 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 hunter cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hunter det 5 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hunter amod 6 fossil fossil NOUN Number=Sing 7 hunter compound 7 hunter hunter NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 palaeontologist cc 9 early early ADJ Degree=Pos 10 palaeontologist amod 10 palaeontologist palaeontologist NOUN Number=Sing 7 hunter conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 hunter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Mary a famous fossil hunter and early palaeontologist tree rules
Example 6 Palaeontologists study ancient plants too.
nsubj amod obj advmod punct root Palaeontologists NOUN study VERB ancient ADJ plants NOUN too ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Palaeontologists palaeontologist NOUN Number=Plur 2 study nsubj 2 study study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 4 plants amod 4 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 study obj 5 too too ADV _ 2 study advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present Palaeontologists ancient plants vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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