palaeontology Who acts: science, study, Palaeontology, She, Mary, sharks · What happens: study, live, change, be, want, dig up · To what, where: life, things, millions, study, palaeontology, dinosaurs · Speech: someone speaks here
«palaeontology» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: palaeontology in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The science that studies life from long ago, mostly through fossils of animals and plants, such as dinosaurs.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj nsubj obj case advmod obl punct advmod case conj case nmod cc conj punct case fixed conj punct root The DET science NOUN that PRON studies VERB life NOUN from ADP long ADV ago ADV , PUNCT mostly ADV through ADP fossils NOUN of ADP animals NOUN and CCONJ plants NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP dinosaurs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 science det 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing 4 studies nsubj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 studies nsubj 4 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 life life NOUN Number=Sing 4 studies obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 ago case 7 long long ADV Degree=Pos 8 ago advmod 8 ago ago ADV _ 4 studies obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 fossils punct 10 mostly mostly ADV _ 12 fossils advmod 11 through through ADP _ 12 fossils case 12 fossils fossil NOUN Number=Plur 4 studies conj 13 of of ADP _ 14 animals case 14 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 12 fossils nmod 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 plants cc 16 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 14 animals conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 dinosaurs punct 18 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 20 dinosaurs case 19 as as ADP _ 18 such fixed 20 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 14 animals conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 studies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present the science life vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent life=Topic from ago=Source
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The study of how living things changed over millions of years.
det nsubj mark advmod acl obj case obl case nmod punct root The DET study NOUN of SCONJ how ADV living VERB things NOUN changed VERB over ADP millions NOUN of ADP years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 study det 2 study study NOUN Number=Sing 7 changed nsubj 3 of of SCONJ _ 5 living mark 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 living advmod 5 living live VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 study acl 6 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 living obj 7 changed change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 over over ADP _ 9 millions case 9 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 7 changed obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 years case 11 years year NOUN Number=Plur 9 millions nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 changed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live gerund things vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme thing=Location 2 change past the study millions of years vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Palaeontology is the study of fossils.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Palaeontology NOUN is AUX the DET study NOUN of ADP fossils NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Palaeontology palaeontology NOUN Number=Sing 4 study nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 study cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 study det 4 study study NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 fossils case 6 fossils fossil NOUN Number=Plur 4 study nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Palaeontology the study of fossils tree rules
Example 2 She wants to study palaeontology and dig up dinosaurs.
nsubj mark xcomp obj cc conj compound:prt obj punct root She PRON wants VERB to PART study VERB palaeontology NOUN and CCONJ dig VERB up ADP dinosaurs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wants nsubj 2 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 study mark 4 study study VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 wants xcomp 5 palaeontology palaeontology NOUN Number=Sing 4 study obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 dig cc 7 dig dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin 2 wants conj 8 up up ADP _ 7 dig compound:prt 9 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 7 dig obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present She vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 study not said to happen to-infinitive She not said here palaeontology vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent palaeontology=Topic 3 dig up present She not said here dinosaurs vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.instrument PP.theme»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Instrument
Example 3 Mary Anning made great discoveries for palaeontology.
nsubj flat amod obj case obl punct root Mary PROPN Anning PROPN made VERB great ADJ discoveries NOUN for ADP palaeontology NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mary Mary PROPN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 2 Anning Anning PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mary flat 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 5 discoveries amod 5 discoveries discovery NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 palaeontology case 7 palaeontology palaeontology NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Mary great discoveries for palaeontology vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent discovery=Product for palaeontology=Asset
Example 4 Palaeontology tells us that sharks are older than trees.
nsubj iobj mark nsubj cop ccomp case obl punct root Palaeontology NOUN tells VERB us PRON that SCONJ sharks NOUN are AUX older ADJ than ADP trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Palaeontology palaeontology NOUN Number=Sing 2 tells nsubj 2 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tells iobj 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 older mark 5 sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 7 older nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 older cop 7 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 tells ccomp 8 than than ADP _ 9 trees case 9 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 7 older obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present Palaeontology us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient 2 is present sharks than trees; old property tree rules
Example 5 The museum has a palaeontology room full of bones.
det nsubj det compound obj amod case obl punct root The DET museum NOUN has VERB a DET palaeontology NOUN room NOUN full ADJ of ADP bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 museum det 2 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 room det 5 palaeontology palaeontology NOUN Number=Sing 6 room compound 6 room room NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 6 room amod 8 of of ADP _ 9 bones case 9 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 7 full obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the museum a palaeontology room vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Patient
Example 6 In palaeontology, a single tooth can tell you what an animal ate.
case obl punct det amod nsubj aux iobj obj det nsubj ccomp punct root In ADP palaeontology NOUN , PUNCT a DET single ADJ tooth NOUN can AUX tell VERB you PRON what PRON an DET animal NOUN ate VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 palaeontology case 2 palaeontology palaeontology NOUN Number=Sing 8 tell obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 palaeontology punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 tooth det 5 single single ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tooth amod 6 tooth tooth NOUN Number=Sing 8 tell nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 tell aux 8 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 tell iobj 10 what what PRON PronType=Int 13 ate obj 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 animal det 12 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 13 ate nsubj 13 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 tell ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert can a single tooth you palaeontology vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic 2 eat past a animal vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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