pardon

Who acts: you, someone, them, official decision, I, that · What happens: say, not hear, want, repeat, pardon, excuse · To what, where: word, them, me, someone, person, question · Speech: someone speaks here

«pardon» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pardon in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: polite — kept apart, not parsed.

A word you say when you did not hear what someone said and want them to repeat it.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 say	obl
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 say	nsubj
4	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 hear	mark
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 hear	nsubj
7	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 hear	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 hear	advmod
9	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 say	ccomp
10	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 said	obj
11	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	12 said	nsubj
12	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 hear	ccomp
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 want	cc
14	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 said	ccomp
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 want	obj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 repeat	mark
17	repeat	repeat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 want	xcomp
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 repeat	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	you	a word	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not hear	past · do-support	you		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	say speech: assert	past	someone		tree rules
4	want	present		them = they	tree rules
5	repeat not said to happen	to-infinitive	them = they not said here	word	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: polite — kept apart, not parsed.

Pardon me: sorry, or excuse me, after a small accident such as a burp or bumping someone.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pardon	pardon	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Pardon	obj
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 sorry	punct
4	sorry	sorry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Pardon	parataxis
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 excuse	punct
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 excuse	cc
7	excuse	excuse	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 sorry	parataxis
8	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 excuse	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 accident	punct
10	after	after	ADP	_	13 accident	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 accident	det
12	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 accident	amod
13	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 excuse	obl
14	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	17 burp	case
15	as	as	ADP	_	14 such	fixed
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 burp	det
17	burp	burp	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 accident	nmod
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 bumping	cc
19	bumping	bump	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 burp	conj
20	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	19 bumping	obj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Pardon	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	pardon	imperative	you not said here	me		vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
2	excuse	infinitive		me	after a small accident such a burp	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
3	bump	gerund		someone		vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent someone=Instrument

Meaning 3

An official decision that a person will not be punished for a crime.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 decision	det
2	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 decision	amod
3	decision	decision	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 punished	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 person	det
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 punished	nsubj:pass
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 punished	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 punished	advmod
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 punished	aux:pass
10	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 decision	acl:relcl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 crime	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 crime	det
13	crime	crime	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 punished	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 decision	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not punish	future · passive	a official decision not said here	a person				for a crime	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for crime=Theme

Meaning 4

Usage: verb, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To forgive someone or free them from punishment.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 forgive	mark
2	forgive	forgive	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 forgive	obj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 free	cc
5	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 someone	conj
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 free	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 punishment	case
8	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 free	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 forgive	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forgive	to-infinitive		someone					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme

Example 1

Pardon? I didn't hear the question.

Sentence 1: Pardon?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pardon	pardon	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Pardon	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: I didn't hear the question.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 hear	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 hear	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 hear	advmod
4	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 question	det
6	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hear	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 hear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hear	past · do-support	I	the question					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer question=Stimulus

Example 2

Pardon me, could I get past?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pardon	pardon	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Pardon	obj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 get	punct
4	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 get	aux
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 get	nsubj
6	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Pardon	parataxis
7	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 get	xcomp
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Pardon	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pardon	imperative	you not said here	me					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
2	get	could	I					past property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Example 3

I beg your pardon, I think that is my seat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 beg	nsubj
2	beg	beg	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 pardon	nmod:poss
4	pardon	pardon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 beg	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 think	punct
6	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 think	nsubj
7	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 beg	conj
8	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	11 seat	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 seat	cop
10	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 seat	nmod:poss
11	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 think	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 beg	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	beg speech: request	present	I	your pardon	vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent pardon=Recipient
2	think speech: other	present	I		vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present	that	my seat	tree rules
4	pardon		your		nom pardon «act transitive»: poss=agent

Example 4

The king pardoned the thief.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 king	det
2	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pardoned	nsubj
3	pardoned	pardon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 thief	det
5	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pardoned	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pardoned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pardon	past	the king	the thief					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thief=Theme

Example 5

The prisoner was given a pardon.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 prisoner	det
2	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 given	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 given	aux:pass
4	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pardon	det
6	pardon	pardon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 given	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	past · passive		the prisoner					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient pardon=Theme

Example 6

Pardon me for asking, but where did you buy that hat?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pardon	pardon	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Pardon	obj
3	for	for	SCONJ	_	4 asking	mark
4	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Pardon	advcl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 buy	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 buy	cc
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 buy	advmod
8	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 buy	aux
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 buy	nsubj
10	buy	buy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Pardon	conj
11	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	12 hat	det
12	hat	hat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 buy	obj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Pardon	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	pardon	imperative	you not said here	me	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
2	ask speech: ask	gerund	you not said here		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	buy	past · do-support	you	that hat	vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hat=Theme

Example 7

«Pardon my French,» said Dad after he swore at the traffic.

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Pardon	punct
2	Pardon	pardon	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 said	ccomp
3	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 French	nmod:poss
4	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Pardon	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Pardon	punct
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Pardon	punct
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	Dad	Dad	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 said	nsubj
9	after	after	SCONJ	_	11 swore	mark
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 swore	nsubj
11	swore	swear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 said	ccomp
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 traffic	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 traffic	det
14	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 swore	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	pardon in a quote	infinitive		my French		vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Theme
2	say speech: assert	past	Dad			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	swear	past	Dad		the traffic	vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Example 8

Will you please pardon my rudeness?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 pardon	aux
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 pardon	nsubj
3	please	please	INTJ	_	4 pardon	discourse
4	pardon	pardon	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 rudeness	nmod:poss
6	rudeness	rudeness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pardon	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 pardon	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pardon	future	you	my rudeness					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rudeness=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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